Ans: C

Exp:

In Rajive Raturi vs. Union of India & Ors.,the Supreme Court confirmed that the right to access environments, services, and opportunities is a fundamental human right for persons with disabilities (PWDs).

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016:

• • The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 is a disability law passed by the Parliament of India to fulfill its obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by India in 2007. 
  • The Act replaces the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995.

• Rights and entitlements:

• • Statement 1 is correct: Every child with a benchmark disability between the age group of 6 and 18 years shall have the right to free education.
  • 5% reservation in seats in Government and Government aided higher educational institutions for persons with benchmark disabilities.
  • Statement 2 is not correct: 4% reservation in Government jobs for certain persons or class of persons with benchmark disability.
  • Statement 3 is correct: A minimum 5% reservation is provided for the allotment of land for people with benchmark disabilities. 

Ans: D

Exp: 

A year and a half after the start of ethnic violence in Manipur, the Centre Thursday reimposed the Disturbed Areas status under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) in the jurisdiction of six police stations in the state’s valley areas, including violence-hit Jiribam.

About Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA):

• The Act enables certain special powers to be conferred upon members of the armed forces in disturbed areas in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura that lies in the North Eastern sector.
• Disturbed area is one that is declared by notification under Section 3 of the AFSPA
• Statement 1 is correct: Power to declare disturbed areas: Governor of that State OR Administrator of that Union territory OR Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette can declare the whole or part of such State or Union territory to be a disturbed area.
  • The governor or the Centre can override the opinion of state governments on whether to enforce the Act. 
• Statement 2 is correct: The armed forces can be used to aid civil power in disturbed areas. 
• Statement 3 is not correct: Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976: Once declared ‘disturbed’, the region is maintained as disturbed for a period of three months straight
  • The government of the state can suggest whether the Act is required in the state or not.
• Statement 4 is correct: The Jeevan Reddy Committee was established in 2004 to review the AFSPA and recommended its repeal, suggesting it be replaced by a more humane law that maintains security while addressing human rights concerns.

Ans: A

Exp:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch a commemorative Stamp and coin on Friday to mark the 150th birth anniversary of tribal icon and freedom fighter Birsa Munda at an event scheduled in Jamui district of Bihar.

About Birsa Munda:

• Belonged to the Munda tribe in the Chhotanagpur Plateau area
• Statement 1 is correct: Given the nickname: ‘Dharti Aba’ or the father of the earth
• Founded the faith of Birsait:  Blend of animism and indigenous beliefs which emphasized the worship of a single god.
• Statement 3 is not correct: Notable Contributions: Formation of the Munda Rebellion, also known as the Ulgulan in the late 19th century.
• He called upon the Mundas to fight against superstition, give up animal sacrifice, stop taking intoxicants, to wear the sacred thread and retain the tribal tradition of worship in the sarna or the sacred grove.
• November 15
  • Statement 2 is correct: State of Jharkhand was created on his birth anniversary in 2000
  • The birth anniversary of Birsa Munda was declared ‘Janjatiya Gaurav Divas’ by the Central Government in 2021.

Ans: D

Exp: 

Turkey was offered partner country status by the BRICS group of nations, Trade Minister Omer Bolat said, as Ankara continues what it calls its efforts to balance its Eastern and Western ties.

About BRICS:

• • The acronym was first introduced in 2001 by Jim O’Neill, to denote the group of fastest-growing economies that would dominate the world economy by 2050.
  • The first BRIC Summit was held in 2009 in Russia.
  • BRICS countries are united by their shared economic potential and their desire to play a more prominent role in the global economy.

• Members: 

• • It consists of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. 
  • In August 2023, at the 15th BRICS Summit, 6 emerging market group countries (Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) had been invited to join the bloc. 
    • 4 new members joined BRICS viz. Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. Effective from 1 Jan 2024.
  • Statement 1 is not correct: Saudi Arabia has not yet responded to an invitation received on January 1, 2024 to join BRICS, and it is still under consideration. 
  • Statement 2 is not correct: Turkey did not join the BRICS
  • Statement 3 is correct: Argentina has decided to withdraw from its planned entry into the expanding BRICS club of nations.

Ans: A

Exp: 

Developing countries, including China and India, sparred with rich nations over including “unilateral trade measures”, such as the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), in the agenda of the UN climate talks, delaying the formal start of the conference.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

• Statement 1 is correct: It is part of the EU’s “Fit for 55 in 2030 package” .
• Statement 2 is correct: It aims to achieve the target of a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
• Importers will be required to surrender annually the corresponding number of CBAM certificates.
• Statement 3 is not correct: Applicability: Applied to the actual declared carbon content embedded in the goods imported to the EU. 
• EU’s Emission Trading System (ETS): EU’s Carbon Border Tax is intended to work like the EU-ETS, which sets a cap on the amount of GHG emissions permitted. 
  • Importers will need to acquire these certificates at prices reflecting the carbon cost, incentivizing cleaner production practices globally.