Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Velu Thampi Dalawa was a prominent leader of the revolt against the British East India Company in the princely state of Travancore. He played a key role in modernising and reforming the administration of the state during his tenure. Thampi Dalawa is remembered for his efforts to abolish slavery and caste-based discrimination in Travancore.
Statement 2 is incorrect: While the imposition of taxes was one of the grievances, it was not the primary trigger for the revolt. The revolt was primarily a response to political and administrative interference by the British that threatened the autonomy of the local rulers.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Velu Thampi Dalawa did not seek support from the French during the revolt. Instead, he sought support from other local rulers and princely states in the region.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Rani Chennamma led the Kittur Uprising against the British East India Company in the Kingdom of Mysore. She was a brave and visionary leader who fought for the independence of her kingdom.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Kittur Uprising was not primarily a result of religious conflicts between Hindus and Muslims in the region. The uprising was a response to the unjust annexation policies of the British, who sought to exert control over the Kingdom of Kittur. The uprising was motivated by the desire to resist British colonial expansion and protect the sovereignty of the kingdom.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Rani Chennamma did seek assistance from the Maratha Empire to fight against the British during the uprising. The Marathas were seen as potential allies in the fight against British imperialism. However, due to various political and logistical challenges, the expected assistance from the Marathas did not materialise.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The early resistance movements were not characterised by a unified and coordinated approach among different Indian rulers and princely states. In fact, resistance efforts varied across different regions and were often localised. The lack of a unified approach and coordination among Indian rulers hindered the effectiveness of early resistance against British rule.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The early resistance did not solely focus on political and administrative grievances. Cultural and social aspects were integral to the resistance as well. Many resistance movements were rooted in the preservation of indigenous traditions, religious beliefs and cultural identity which were threatened by British colonial policies. For example, the Sanyasi Rebellion in Bengal during the late 18th century had both political and religious dimensions, as it aimed to protect Hindu religious practices from British interference.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi was a key leader and prominent figure in the 1857 revolt against the British. She played a significant role in leading the rebellion in Jhansi and became an icon of the Struggle for Indian independence.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, did not play an active role in leading the revolt and uniting various rebel forces. Although he was declared the leader of the Revolt of 1857 and issued a proclamation against the British, his involvement was largely symbolic and limited to the symbolic restoration of Mughal authority.

Ans: C

Exp: 

Statement 1 is correct: Warren Hastings followed the Policy of Ring-fence which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. It was the policy of defending their neighbours’ frontiers for the purpose of safeguarding their own territories. This policy of Warren Hastings was reflected in his wars against the Marathas and Mysore.

Statement 2 is correct: According to the Doctrine of Lapse, if a princely state’s prince died without a biological heir, the state would be annexed. The states that were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse Policy were Satara (1848), Jhansi and Nagpur(1854). The other small states included Jaitpur (Bundelkhand), Sambalpur (Orissa), and Baghat (Madhya Pradesh).