Ans: B

Exp:

Vedas are considered as the source of eternal knowledge. Vedas are called as “Apaurusheya” i.e. they are not created by human beings but rather revealed by Brahma. Vedas were composed in Sanskrit, probably between 1500 and 700 B.C. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Vedas are collections of Hymns. Vedic Aryans didn’t possess writing skills. These Hymns are passed on from one generation to another orally. The “Rishis” who composed the Vedas were known as “Mantradrashta”. It means inspired saints who got the revealed knowledge from God Brahma. They represented a separate class of divine human beings distinct from Asurs, Devas and Mortal men. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

Ans: D

Exp: 

Rigveda is the oldest Veda which consists of ten mandalas or books. It is a collection of Hymns, which are to be recited at the time of performing rituals. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

• Rigvedic people appeared in the subcontinent in about 1500 B.C. They came into conflict with the indigenous people called ‘Dasyus’. The Dasyus possibly worshipped the Phallus and did not rear cattle. The term ‘Dasyu Hatya’, Slaughter of the Dasyus, is repeatedly mentioned in the Rigveda. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The Aryans were involved in two types of conflict: first, fought with indigenous inhabitants, and secondly, they fought among themselves i.e., intra-tribal conflict. This is evident from the famous Battle of the Ten Kings. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Ans: B

Exp:

 During Rigvedic times, the King did not maintain any regular or standing army. In times of war he mustered a militia whose military functions were performed by different tribal groups called Gana, Grama and Sardha. In this system, the military element was strong. Hence, Option B is correct.

• Sabha, Samiti and Vidhatha were deliberative bodies to discuss issues related to social, political and religious matters.
• The officer who enjoyed authority over pasture ground is called ‘Vrajapati’.

Ans: D

Exp:

In the Early Vedic period, people discovered their religion in their surroundings. They found it difficult to explain phenomena like the coming of rain and the appearance of the moon and sun. Hence they personified these natural forces where Indra, the god of rain, became most important, also known as ‘Purander’ or breaker of forts. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

• During this time period, there was frequent mention of slaves who were given as gifts to the priests. They were mainly women slaves employed for domestic purposes. The slaves were not used directly in agriculture or other activities. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The reason for social division in the society was the conquest of the indigenous inhabitants by the Aryans. As a result, Dasas and Dasyus were treated as slaves and shudras. The tribal chiefs and priests became prominent figures which created social inequality. This led to the division of the tribal society into three groups- warriors, priests and the people. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Ans: B

Exp:

Upavedas are part of Vedas. They are considered as specialized books in a particular field. They are treated as auxiliaries to Vedas. There are four Upveda, each associated with a particular Veda.

• • Ayurveda is the Upveda of Rigveda dealing with the field of Medicine. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
  • Gandharva Veda is the Upveda of Samveda dealing with the theme of Music. Hence, Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.  
  • Dhanurveda is the Upveda of Yajurveda dealing with the Warfare techniques. Hence, Pair 3 is incorrectly matched.

• Shilp Veda is the Upveda of Atharvaveda dealing with the theme of Architecture. Hence, Pair 4 is correctly matched.