HMPV Virus Outbreak, Cases In India, Symptoms

PWOnlyIAS January 06, 2025 0

HMPV is Human Metapneumovirus, a respiratory virus causing illnesses globally. Learn more about HMPV Virus outbreak, symptoms, and cases in India.

HMPV Virus Outbreak, Cases in India, Symptoms

The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that has gained attention due to its global health implications. The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has recently gained attention due to its impact on respiratory health worldwide, including sporadic cases in India. This virus, though not new, has resurfaced as a topic of public health concern due to outbreaks in several countries. For UPSC aspirants, understanding HMPV is crucial as it ties into topics related to public health, global outbreaks, and preventive healthcare systems.

What is HMPV Virus?

The HMPV Virus Full Form is Human Metapneumovirus. The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, closely related to the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). It primarily causes respiratory infections, ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia.

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Key Facts About HMPV Virus
Aspect	Details
Virus Name	Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Discovered	2001, Netherlands
Family	Paramyxoviridae
Symptoms	Runny nose, cough, fever, pneumonia, bronchiolitis
Transmission	Respiratory droplets, direct contact, contaminated surfaces
High-Risk Groups	Children, elderly, immunocompromised individuals
Treatment	Supportive care (no specific antiviral available)
Prevention	Hygiene practices, respiratory etiquette, surface cleaning

HMPV Virus Symptoms

HMPV can affect individuals of all age groups, particularly young children, elderly people, and those with compromised immune systems. Common symptoms include:

Mild Symptoms:
- Runny nose
- Cough
- Fever
- Sore throat
Severe Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Pneumonia
- Bronchiolitis

In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

How is HMPV Transmitted?

The incubation period is usually 5–6 days, but it can vary. HMPV is highly contagious and spreads through:

Direct Contact: Touching an infected person or their secretions.
Droplets: Inhalation of respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes.
Surface Contamination: Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the nose or mouth.

Latest News on HMPV Virus in India

HMPV has raised concerns globally, with reports of sporadic cases in India. Three cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) were confirmed in India. Health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, emphasizing testing and surveillance for respiratory viruses like HMPV. Public health campaigns focus on preventive measures like hygiene and social distancing to curb the spread.

Globally, a surge in HMPV cases in China has drawn attention to the virus’s potential impact on healthcare systems.

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HMPV Virus in India

Current Scenario: As of January 6, 2025, India has reported three confirmed cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): two in Karnataka and one in Gujarat. These cases were identified through routine surveillance by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Despite these detections, the Union Health Ministry has stated that there is no unusual surge in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases nationwide. The ministry continues to monitor the situation through established surveillance systems and emphasizes that public health interventions are ready to be deployed if necessary.
The Directorate of Medical Education in Karnataka has issued an advisory titled ‘Do Not Panic, Be Aware,‘ urging the public to remain informed and take necessary precautions.

Why is HMPV a Serious Concern?

HMPV is generally mild but can pose significant risks to:

Infants and young children
Elderly individuals
Immunocompromised patients
Those with chronic respiratory or heart conditions

Complications include severe pneumonia and hospitalization, particularly during outbreaks.