The commissioning of the Vizhinjam International Transhipment Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport, developed by Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd (APSEZ) under a public-private partnership model with the Kerala government, marks a milestone in India’s maritime history.

Importance for India

• Strategic Opportunity for India: India relies on foreign ports for ~75% of transshipment cargo that leads to annual revenue loss of $200–220 million. Vizhinjam Port offers major economic opportunities.
• Geographic & Technical Advantage: Natural draft of ~20 metres — minimal capital dredging & is located near key international shipping routes (Europe–West Asia–Far East). Positioned to be a major transshipment hub.
• Reclaiming Indian Cargo: Can divert Indian cargo from Singapore, Colombo, Salalah, Dubai back to India.
• Handling Large Vessels: Ultra-large container vessels can berth without route deviation — lowers costs.
• Technological Edge: India’s first semi-automated port.
  • Features remote-controlled quay cranes & AI-powered vessel traffic management.
  • Enables faster vessel turnaround.

Challenges that need to be Tackled

• Port Capacity Gap: India’s 2024 capacity: ~20 million TEUs vs China’s 330 million TEUs.
  • Highlights urgent need for modern ports like Vizhinjam.
• Implementation Challenges: Delays due to fisherfolk protests, Latin Church opposition, natural calamities, and COVID-19.

Operational Milestone

• Commercial operations started July 2024.
• 265 ships, including mother vessels, berthed so far.

Phase I Investment

• Kerala govt: ₹5,595 crore
• Adani Ports (APSEZ): ₹2,454 crore
• Union govt: ₹818 crore (viability gap fund)
• Sparked political debate

Future Roadmap

• Infrastructure Needs: Timely rail and road connectivity critical to access South India’s hinterland.
• Next Development Phase: ₹9,500 crore investment by 2028 by APSEZ & Kerala govt — must be executed on time.
• Support Infrastructure: Requires warehousing, logistics, and industrial facilities to become a commercial maritime hub.

Conclusion

Vizhinjam Port, with its strategic location, deep draft, and advanced automation, can reduce India’s foreign port dependence. Timely infrastructure completion and support facilities are key to making it a major transshipment and trade hub.

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