Answer

India’s Arctic Policy 2022, signalled the country’s intent to expand its engagements in the region beyond its historical focus on scientific research and climate studies.

Significance of the Arctic for India

• Climate Change Monitoring: The Arctic’s rapid warming affects global climate systems, including the Indian monsoon.
  Eg. India’s research station Himadri in Svalbard aids in studying these climatic linkages.
• Scientific Research Opportunities: The Arctic serves as a natural laboratory for studying glaciology, atmospheric sciences, and marine biology.
  Eg. India has conducted over 13 Arctic expeditions since 2007, focusing on these areas.
• Emerging Maritime Routes: The Northern Sea Route (NSR) along Russia’s coast is 40% shorter than the Suez Canal route.
  Eg. NSR cuts Europe-Asia shipping time by 10–15 days, lowering costs and enhancing trade.
• Resource Exploration: The Arctic holds about 25% of global untapped oil and gas reserves plus rare minerals.
  Eg. The US Geological Survey (USGS) estimates 90 billion barrels of oil and 1,670 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Arctic.
• Geopolitical Engagement: Active participation in Arctic governance enhances India’s global diplomatic standing.
  Eg. India became an Observer in the Arctic Council in 2013, contributing to its working groups.
• Strategic Location: The Arctic connects Eurasia and North America, bordered by the Bering Strait and GI-UK gap.
  Eg. The narrow 85 km Bering Strait is vital for Russia and US Arctic access, affecting geopolitics.

Role of Strategic Partnerships in Advancing India’s Arctic Policy

• Scientific Cooperation: Engaging in joint Arctic research and conservation projects enhances India’s scientific footprint and supports global sustainability goals.
  Eg. India collaborates with Norway via the Ny-Ålesund Science Managers Committee and participates in the International Arctic Science Committee.
• Maritime and Technological Advancements: Developing Arctic logistics and investing in icebreaker technologies build India’s operational presence in polar regions.
  Eg. Inspired by Russia and China’s investments in polar-class ships, India seeks to strengthen its maritime infrastructure.
• Strategic Energy Collaborations: Participation in Arctic energy ventures improves energy security and diversifies sources.
  Eg. India has engaged with Russia in Arctic energy projects, despite recent geopolitical constraints.
• Educational and Research Partnerships: Academic exchanges foster capacity-building and deepen expertise in Arctic sciences.
  Eg. Indian researchers are involved in programs under the University of the Arctic network.
• Geopolitical and Diplomatic Engagement: Forging closer ties with Arctic nations strengthens India’s voice in global polar governance and enhances strategic influence.
  Eg. Through sustained diplomatic outreach, India positions itself as a key stakeholder in Arctic affairs.

Conclusion

India’s Arctic policy positions the nation as a proactive participant in global climate science and sustainable development. Through strategic partnerships and scientific endeavors, India aims to contribute significantly to Arctic research, environmental conservation, and the formulation of inclusive governance frameworks in the region.

DOWNLOAD PDF