Recently, the Indian Prime Minister inaugurated year-long celebrations marking 150 years of Vande Mataram, calling the iconic national song an “enduring symbol of patriotism and unwavering devotion to the nation.”

About Vande Matram

• National Song: Vande Mataram is India’s National Song, symbolizing devotion to the motherland and the spirit of sacrifice for the nation.
• Origin: The song Vande Mataram was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee on November 7, 1875, reflecting the spirit of Indian unity and patriotism.
• Nation as Mother: It reinforces the Indian philosophical belief that the nation is not just a territory but a living mother, deserving devotion and selfless service.
• Cultural Representation: The song blends Sanskrit and Bengali.
• Inclusion in Novel: Vande Mataram appeared in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Anandamath (1882), portraying saffron-clad sanyasis fighting British rule during the 1770 Bengal famine.
  • Literary Impact: First serialised (1880–82) in Bangadarshan, it became a nationalist classic, with Vande Mataram serving as the spiritual war cry for India’s liberation.
• First Public Rendition (1896): Vande Mataram was sung publicly for the first time at the second session of the Indian National Congress session (1896).
• Translation: Sri Aurobindo translated the original poem into English, both in prose and verse, capturing the song’s poetic force and spiritual essence.
• Voice of Tagore (1896): In 1896, Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram in his own composition at the Calcutta Congress session, and in 1904–05, he recorded India’s first commercial gramophone version of the song, immortalizing its patriotic spirit.
• Swadeshi Movement (1905): During the Swadeshi Movement (1905), the song became a unifying chant against colonial rule.
• Barisal Incident (1906): At a political conference in Barisal, Bangladesh, thousands of participants defied the police ban on shouting Vande Mataram.
• Bhikaji Cama and the Tricolour (1907): On 22 August 1907, Bhikaji Cama unfurled an early Indian tricolour in Stuttgart, Germany, featuring green, yellow, and red stripes with “Vande Mataram” inscribed on the yellow band, symbolizing the nationalist struggle abroad.
• Adoption by Revolutionaries: Vande Mataram became a mantra for revolutionary freedom fighters, including Khudiram Bose, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, who used the slogan to express defiance and patriotism.
• Constitutional Recognition: On 24 January 1950, the Constituent Assembly declared Vande Mataram as the National Song of India.

Significance of Vande Matram

• Revival of Civilisational Identity: The composition of Vande Mataram marked a cultural awakening at a time when British rule attempted to suppress India’s religious and cultural identity.
• Integration in Literature: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay inserted the song into his novel Anandamath, where monks used it as a sacred call for freedom.
• Inspiration for Revolutionaries: During the Swadeshi movement (1905) and later revolutionary activities, the song became the final chant of many freedom fighters as they faced death.
• Emotional Integration: When Rabindranath Tagore sang it publicly, it was described as a spiritual experience that united devotion, duty, and patriotism.
• Symbol of Unity: It continues to evoke pride and reverence among Indians, symbolizing civilisational continuity and national unity.

Contemporary Criticism and Misinterpretation 

• Ideological Misuse: In current discourse, a section of critics labels the song as divisive or communal.
• Historical Amnesia: Such criticism is attributed to a lack of understanding of its cultural and historical relevance.

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Relevance of Vande Matram In Current Scenario

• Guiding the Vision for India: The song reinforces the message of unity and collective strength as India moves toward development and self-reliance.
• Expression Through Action: The spirit of Vande Mataram lives through the contributions of farmers, soldiers, teachers, and innovators who serve the nation selflessly.
• Duty over Emotion: The song teaches that patriotism is not occasional enthusiasm but a lifelong commitment to the motherland.

Conclusion

Vande Mataram evolved from a literary poem into a unifying national slogan that transforms patriotism from emotion into action, making service to the nation the highest expression of devotion.

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