Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, a high-ranking Indian delegation led by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) director Praveen Sood participated in the 91st Interpol General Assembly. It has urged other member countries to deny safe havens to crime, criminals, and the proceeds of crime. 
• Statement 1 is not correct: INTERPOL denotes the International Criminal Police Organisation and is an intergovernmental organisation. It has 195 member countries, making it the world’s largest police organisation. It is headquartered in Lyon, France. 
• Statement 2 is not correct:  The Interpol nodal agency in India is the CBI. 
• Statement 3 is correct: Its notices are international requests for cooperation which are issued at the request of a member country’s INTERPOL National Central Bureau. In 2023, INTERPOL will celebrate 100 years since the founding of the International Criminal Police Commission, which then became INTERPOL in 1956. 

Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the Philippines has built a new coast guard station on the contested island of Thitu in the South China Sea, boosting its ability to monitor movements of Chinese vessels and aircraft in the busy disputed waterway.
  • Pair 1 is not correctly matched: Thitu island also known as Pag-asa Islands is located in South China Sea.
  • Pair 2 is not correctly matched: Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the Central Pacific Ocean.
  • Pair 3 is correctly matched: Baffin Island is the largest island in Canada and the 5th largest island in the world that is located in the Arctic Ocean. 
  • Pair 4 is correctly matched: Diego Garcia Island is a coral atoll located in the central Indian Ocean.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation:

• Railways to install AI-based surveillance systems to prevent elephant deaths on tracks. 
• Statement 1 is correct: Gajraj System is an AI-based surveillance system to prevent elephant deaths on Indian railway tracks. Railway Ministry have identified forest areas in Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Kerala, Jharkhand and some parts of Chhattisgarh which are home to elephants, to implement this system.
• Statement 2 is correct: This AI-based surveillance system can alert loco pilots well in time about the presence of elephants on tracks. Many elephants had been saved with the aid of this technology. Further improvements are made in the system based on field experience and now it detects the presence of elephants on tracks with 99.5 per cent accuracy.
• Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I: This system can alert loco pilots about the presence of elephants on tracks. With this alert, the loco-pilot can apply brakes to prevent potential collision with elephant/s, thus preventing elephant deaths.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the National Medical Commission (NMC) has changed its logo. The change has drawn comparisons to the emblem of the World Health Organization.
• Statement 1 is not correct: 
  • The new logo of the National Medical Council removed the national emblem and replaced it with a photo of Dhanvantri, an avatar of Lord Vishnu known as the god of Ayurveda in the Puranas.
  • The National Ayurveda Day is celebrated every year on the occasion of Dhanwantari Jayanti (Dhanteras) since 2016.
• Statement 2 is correct: 
  • Charaka is called ‘Father of Ayurveda’. He compiled a book, known as ‘Charaka Samhita’.
  • He was one of the principal contributors to the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is also regarded as the father of traditional Indian medicine. He is also known as the court physician during the reign of the famous king Kanishka of Kushan Empire.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the Prime Minister of India announced the launch of the Green Credit Initiative at COP28 summit, which was backed by multiple world leaders at the meeting.
• Statement 1 is correct: To take ahead the ‘LiFE’ – ‘Lifestyle for Environment’ movement, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has introduced the Green Credit Program (GCP) to encourage environmentally friendly practices.
• Statement 2 is correct: According to the MoEFCC, green credit is a market-based mechanism designed to incentivize voluntary environmental actions across diverse sectors by various stakeholders like individuals, communities, private sector industries, and companies.
• Statement 3 is correct: Under GCP, green credits will be assigned to specific environmental activities, and will be treated as tradable commodities. These green credits will be able to be sold on domestic market platforms.