U.S. President Donald Trump and the leaders of Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey signed a declaration as guarantors to cement a Gaza ceasefire deal.

• Hamas released the last 20 surviving Israeli hostages, while Israel released nearly 1,968 Palestinian prisoners.
• Kirti Vardhan Singh (Minister of State for External Affairs of India), special representative of PM Narendra Modi, attended Gaza Peace Summit

Gaza Declaration & Ceasefire Commitments

• Guarantor roles: The U.S., Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey will act as guarantors of the ceasefire pact.
• Plan outline: The declaration is expected to spell out “rules and regulations” for implementing the ceasefire.
• Missing attendance: Israel and Hamas did not sign the summit declaration themselves.

Challenges

• Hamas disarmament: The group has so far declined to commit to disarmament, a major point of contention.
• Israeli Withdrawal: Israel has not pledged full troop withdrawal from Gaza, raising questions about sovereignty and future governance
• Phased implementation: Both Trump and Egyptian President suggested the agreement would unfold in phases.

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Significance & Implications

• Ceasefire milestone: The simultaneous releases and declaration mark the first concrete peace step after two years of warfare.
• Diplomatic pivot: The role of guarantors underscores the shift toward multilateral mediation in the Israel–Gaza conflict.
• Psychological impact: The mass release is a powerful symbolic moment in Israel, restoring hope and putting pressure on both parties to maintain the truce.
• Geopolitical Rebalancing: Enhances the mediating influence of Middle Eastern powers like Egypt and Qatar.

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