Deep-Brain Stimulation: Nudging Neurons

28 Jul 2025

Deep-Brain Stimulation: Nudging Neurons

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an advanced medical technique used primarily to treat movement and psychiatric disorders by delivering targeted electrical impulses to specific brain regions.

What is Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS)?

Deep-Brain Stimulation

  • DBS is a neurosurgical procedure in which electrodes are implanted deep into specific brain regions.
  • These electrodes are connected to a pacemaker-like device (implanted under the chest skin) that delivers controlled electrical impulses.
  • The goal is to modulate abnormal brain activity or correct neurochemical imbalances associated with certain disorders.

How DBS Works?

  • Modulates neural circuits by altering abnormal electrical activity.
  • Targets faulty communication between groups of neurons.
  • Reduces symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and uncontrolled movements.
  • Stimulation settings can be adjusted by doctors or patients (to some extent).

Applications

  • Treats movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.
  • Used when symptoms don’t respond effectively to medication.
  • Approved for managing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
  • Being studied for use in severe depression and epilepsy.

Advantages of DBS

  • Reversible: Stimulation can be stopped at any time.
  • Non-destructive: Does not damage brain tissue like surgical removal does.
  • Adjustable & Flexible: Settings can be tailored to suit each patient’s needs.
  • Long-term Relief: Provides lasting control of symptoms for many individuals.

Limitations

  • Invasive procedure with surgical risks
  • High cost and limited access in developing countries
  • Not a cure, but a symptom-management tool
  • Mechanism not fully understood at cellular/network levels

Current Status

  • Over 1.6 lakh patients worldwide have received DBS.
  • Research expanding into neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive disorders.

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UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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