Context

The Global Plastics Treaty, recently finished its fourth round of negotiations with the goal of ending plastic use.

About The Global Plastics Treaty

Global Plastics Treaty is an international treaty Legally binding agreement for plastics. The resolution for this treaty was passed during the resumed fifth session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2) in March 2022.

• Objective: This agreement aims to eliminate the use of plastics
  • It  addresses the entire life cycle of plastics, including design, production, and disposal.
• Members: It involves over 175 United Nations countries.

Challenges in Reaching Agreement on Global Level

• Economic Impact on Oil Producers: Countries like Saudi Arabia, the US, and Russia, heavily reliant on the oil industry, fear strict limitations on plastic production could cripple their economies.
• Lack of Specific Reduction Target: The proposed year of 2040 for plastic reduction is a point of contention. 
  • Some nations advocate for a faster timeline, while others push for a more gradual approach.
• Voting vs. Consensus: There’s debate on the voting process for resolving treaty disputes
  • It involves debate on whether contentious issues should be decided by majority vote or require agreement from all countries (effectively giving each a veto).

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• Developing Country Needs: India, representing many developing nations, demands financial assistance, technology transfer, and capacity building to implement alternatives to plastics. 
  • This echoes the “common but differentiated responsibility” principle used in climate talks.
• Unequal Plastic Pollution Burden: There are issues in plastic pollution reduction as  not all countries contribute equally to plastic pollution. 
  • Therefore, there is a need to address the varying capabilities of different nations.

India’s Efforts and Challenges in Combating Plastic Pollution

• Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules (2021): In 2022, India took a significant step by implementing the Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules (2021) to address plastic pollution.
• Challenges:
  • Limited Scope of the Ban: The rules banned 19 categories of single-use plastics; however, plastic bottles, even those less than 200 ml, and multi-layered packaging boxes, such as milk cartons, were not included.
  • Inconsistent Enforcement: Despite the ban, enforcement remains inconsistent across the nation, with many outlets continuing to sell single-use plastic items.
  • Need for Affordable Alternatives: Widespread adoption of plastic alternatives requires greater investment to make them affordable for consumers and businesses.

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