GM Alfalfa

India is preparing measures to restrict the import of genetically modified (GM) alfalfa seeds as the US presses for reduced import duties to access the Indian market.

About Alfalfa

GM Alfalfa

Alfalfa (also called ‘Lucerne’) is a forage crop whose name is derived from the Arabic term al-fasfasa, meaning “the best forage.”
It is widely used as fodder for livestock due to its high nutritive quality.
- High in protein, calcium, vitamins (A, D), and minerals.

Role in Nitrogen Fixation

Forms a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti) bacteria.
Root nodules are developed where atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) is fixed into ammonia (NH₃).
Enhances soil fertility by naturally enriching nitrogen content, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

Contribution to Sustainability

Functions as a “green manure”, boosting soil organic matter and microbial biodiversity.
Promotes low-input, sustainable farming systems.
Assists in carbon sequestration, contributing to climate-resilient agriculture.

PW OnlyIAS Extra Edge:

GM Crops are plants whose genetic structure has been modified to:

Increase productivity,
Reduce dependence on chemical pesticides/fertilizers,
Enhance resilience to climate stresses (like drought or salinity).
Eg. Bt Cotton, GM Maize, GM Soybean, etc.

Additional Reading: Genetic Crops in India

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