India’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) fell to 93 in 2019–21 from 97 in 2018–20, showing steady national progress in maternal health outcomes.

What is MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio)?

• Definition by WHO: MMR is defined as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births during a specific time period, regardless of the duration or site of the pregnancy.
• Scope of Measurement: It includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from causes related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management.
• Health Indicator: MMR is considered a key indicator of the quality and accessibility of reproductive healthcare services in a region.
  

Recent Data and Trends in India 

• Source: The estimates are drawn using the Sample Registration System (SRS), one of the largest demographic surveys in India, by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner.
• Gradual Decline: India’s MMR has dropped from 103 (2017–19) to 97 (2018–20) and now to 93 (2019–21), indicating consistent national improvement.
• Age Group Vulnerability: The highest maternal deaths are reported in women aged 20–29 years, followed by those aged 30–34 years.
• High MMR States: Madhya Pradesh (175), Assam (167), Uttar Pradesh (151), Odisha (135), Chhattisgarh (132), West Bengal (109), and Haryana (106) reported significantly higher MMRs.
• Southern States: Karnataka’s MMR is 63, the highest among southern States, but still much lower than national high-burden States.
  • States with the lowest MMR are Kerala(20) and Maharashtra(38).

Global Burden and Target

• UN SDG Target: The UN aims to reduce global MMR to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.
• Global Burden: As per WHO, over 700 maternal deaths occurred daily in 2023, with 90% in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
• Need for Skilled Care: The WHO emphasises that timely care before, during, and after childbirth by trained professionals can prevent most maternal deaths.
  

Government Schemes Impacting MMR

Conclusion

India’s steady progress in reducing MMR is encouraging, but regional disparities and age-based vulnerabilities persist. Continued investment in maternal health schemes and quality care is crucial for achieving the SDG targets.

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