At COP28, India, along with a coalition of developing countries, advocated for the creation of a ‘Just Transition Mechanism’ to ensure a fair shift from fossil fuel-dependent industries to renewable energy sectors

India’s Proposals

• Objective of the Just Transition Mechanism
  • India proposed the creation of a dedicated Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP), building on discussions from COP27 (2022) and operationalized at COP28 (2023). 
  • The goal is to ensure a sustainable shift for workers transitioning from fossil fuel industries to renewable energy sectors.
• Financial Support:
  • Climate Finance as Essential Investment: India emphasized that finance for climate adaptation should not be viewed as optional but as an essential investment to address the severe consequences developing countries face due to climate change. 
  • The existing financial commitments, such as the $100 billion/year climate finance pledge, are inadequate.
• Global Goal on Adaptation:
  • Country-Driven Adaptation Metrics: India’s Environment Minister stressed that the Global Goal on Adaptation should be country-driven and nationally determined, reflecting the unique capacities, data realities, and needs of each nation.
  • Flexibility in Defining Progress: Countries should be allowed to define their progress using their national systems and capacities, ensuring that adaptation goals align with their specific circumstances.
• Nationally Determined Transition Pathways:
  • India called for equity to remain central to the global transition process, stressing that transition pathways should be nation-specific and driven by local needs.
  • India further emphasized that developing countries must have policy space to address development gaps and systemic vulnerabilities.

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About Just Transition Work Programme

• Definition: A just transition involves greening the economy in a way that is as fair and inclusive as possible to everyone concerned, creating decent work opportunities and leaving no one behind.
• Genesis and Mandate: 
  • The JTWP was established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at COP27 (2022). Its mandate is to assist countries in designing low-carbon pathways to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement (Article 2), that are fair, inclusive, and socially just, ensuring that no one is left behind.
• Objectives: 
  • The JTWP follows a “whole-of-society” approach that includes promoting decent work, economic diversification, and social protection for workers affected by the transition.

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