Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, navies of India, France and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) held the maiden trilateral maritime partnership exercise in the Gulf of Oman. 
• The countries bordering the Gulf of Oman include: Iran, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan.

Image Credits: Times of India

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. International Court of Justice is also known as the World Court, is one of the principal judicial organs of the United Nations.
• It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations.
• Statement 2 is correct. ICJ is the only principal organ of the United Nations which is located in The Hague  Netherlands (i.e., outside New York). 
• The hearings of the ICJ are always public.
• French and English are the official languages of the Court.
• The Court is composed of 15 judges, all from different countries, and are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.
• Statement 3 is correct. One-third of the composition of the Court is renewed every three years and its judges are eligible for re-election.

Option (b) is correct 

Explanation:

• Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. 
• It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. 
• Statement 1 is not correct. The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. 
• Statement 2 is correct. The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.
• The mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are:
  • To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface
  • To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon 
  • Statement 3 is not correct. To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• Water quality in Yamuna is showing signs of improvement with the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the Najafgarh drain as well as in the river from the point where it meets the drain having fallen compared to last year, according to Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) figures presented at a meeting on Friday.

• BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water.
• Statement- 1 is not correct. High value of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) indicates that water is highly polluted.
• Statement-2  is correct. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) generally represents how much oxygen is needed to break down organic matter in water.
• It represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the onset of the monsoon happens when there is a significant transition in the large-scale atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Indo-Pacific region. 
• The onset of the monsoon refers to the arrival of the southwest monsoon winds over the Indian subcontinent.
• The IMD essentially looks at the consistency of rainfall over a defined geography, the intensity of the rainfall, and the wind speed.
• RAINFALL: The onset is declared if at least 60% of 14 designated meteorological stations in Kerala and Lakshadweep record at least 2.5 mm of rain for two consecutive days at any time after May 10. 
• WIND FIELD: The IMD says that the depth of westerlies should be up to 600 hectopascal (1 hPa is equal to 1 millibar of pressure) in the area that is bound by the equator to 10ºN latitude, and from longitude 55ºE to 80ºE. 
• HEAT: The INSAT-derived Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) value — which is a measure of the energy emitted to space by the Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere — should be below 200 watt per sq m (wm2) in the area between the 5ºN and 10ºN latitudes, and 70ºE and 75ºE longitudes.

Option (b) is correct 

Explanation:

• Statement 2 is not correct. The Governor of the state appoints the State Election Commissioner.

• • He/She cannot be removed from office on discretion, except on the grounds and manner specified for the judge of the High Court. 
• The State Election Commission has been entrusted with the function of conducting free, fair and impartial elections to the local bodies in the state.
• Statement  1 is correct: Article 243K(1) of the Indian Constitution states that the superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls, all elections to the Panchayats (Municipalities under Article 243ZA) shall be conducted by the State Election Commission.