Ans: A

Exp: 

A Supreme Court Bench headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud held that stereotyping differently-abled persons in visual media and films perpetuate discrimination and creators ought to provide an accurate representation of disabilities rather than mocking them.

Constitutional Framework for Differently-Abled Persons in India:

• Statement 1 is correct: Article 41 of the  Part-IV of the Indian Constitution which deals with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) states that the State shall make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, within the limits of its economic capacity and development. 
• Statement 2 is correct: The subject of ‘relief of the disabled and unemployable’ is specified in the state list of the Seventh Schedule of the constitution.
• Statement 3 is Incorrect: Status of Person with Disability (PwDs) in India according to 2011 census:
  • About 2.21% of the total population.
  • Majority (69%) of the disabled population resided in rural areas.

Ans: B

Exp:

Recently, The Supreme Court dismissed an appeal by a Muslim man against a Telangana High Court order allowing his ex-wife to seek maintenance under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC)

Overview of Divorce and Claim of Maintenance for Woman:

• Statement 1 is Incorrect: Section 125 in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 order for maintenance of wives, children and parents.
  • Recently, in a landmark ruling,  Supreme Court ruled that a divorced Muslim woman is entitled to a claim of maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, against her former husband — affirming that a parallel remedy under a secular law cannot be foreclosed by existing personal laws.

• Violation of Article 15(1):  If Section 125 of the CrPC is excluded from its application to a divorced Muslim woman, it would be in violation of Article 15(1) of the Constitution of India which states that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen only on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
  • Statement 2 is correct: Article 15(3), read with Article 39(e) manifests a constitutional commitment towards special measures to ensure a life of dignity for women at all stages of their lives. This ought to be irrespective of the faith a woman belongs to.
• Statement 3 is correct: Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 Act guarantees the payment of maintenance to a divorced Muslim woman by her former husband only during the period of iddat — a period, usually of three months, which a woman must observe after the death of her husband or a divorce before she can remarry. 
  • Such an amount shall be equal to the amount of mahr or dowry given to her at the time of her marriage or any time after that. 
  • After the completion of the iddat period, a woman can approach a first-class magistrate for maintenance in case she has not remarried and is not in a position to take care of herself financially.

solution -: (2 )

Explaination here

Ans: C

Exp: 

Under Borehole Geophysics Research Laboratory (BGRL) in Karad, Maharashtra, the aim is to drill the earth’s crust to a depth of 6 km and conduct scientific observations and analysis to help expand the understanding of reservoir-triggered earthquakes in the active fault zone in the Koyna-Warna region of Maharashtra.

About Scientific Deep-Drilling:

• Scientific deep-drilling is the enterprise of strategically digging boreholes to observe and analyse deeper parts of the earth’s crust. 
• Statement 1 is Correct: Scientific drilling also provides exact, fundamental, and globally significant knowledge of the composition of the earth’s crust, structure, and processes, and helps confirm or reject models brd on surface studies. 
  • It can provide information to inform a range of societal problems related to geohazards and geo-resources in India. 

• Statement 2 is Correct: Scientifically drilled boreholes to great depths, which when instrumented with sensors serve as geological observatories. 
  • They can be a hub of direct, in-situ experiments and observations and strategically monitor a region’s fault lines and earthquake behaviour (including nucleation, rupture, and arrest).
  • It offers opportunities and access to study earthquakes and expands our understanding of the planet’s history, rock types, energy resources, life forms, climate change patterns, the evolution of life, and more.

Ans: A

Exp: 

Recently Union health minister JP Nadda said , “On World Population Day (11 July), we reflect on India’s journey in family planning and reaffirm our commitment to address the challenges that lie ahead.”

• Total fertility rate (TFR) in simple terms refers to the total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population.
  • Statement 1 is Correct: Replacement level fertility is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.
  • In simpler terms, it denotes the fertility number required to maintain the same population number of a country over a given period of time.

• Statement 2 is Correct: Child mortality rate, also known as under-five mortality rate, is a statistical measure that represents the number of children who die before reaching the age of five per 1,000 live births in a specific population or region during a given year. It is an essential indicator of a country’s healthcare and child well-being.
• Statement 3 is Incorrect: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): It is defined as the ‘number of deaths of children under the age of 1 year per 1000 live births for a given year.