Ans: c

Exp:

Recently, Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) convened the first meeting to discuss biomass cultivation on degraded land for green biohydrogen production and bioenergy generation at New Delhi.

About Biohydrogen:

• Statement 1 is correct: Derived from biological sources such as biogas and biomass. It is  often considered a form of renewable hydrogen due to its environmentally friendly conversion process.
• Biohydrogen is hydrogen produced from biological sources, typically through biogas reforming. 
  • It converts biogas (CH4 and CO2) into hydrogen, often referred to as syngas or bio-hydrogen
• Biohydrogen is produced by fermentation. Agro Residues serve as a potential source for biohydrogen production 
• Statement 2 is correct: Biophotolysis is carried out by blue–green algae that split water for biohydrogen production, and is a plant-type photosynthesis process that occurs in an anaerobic environment.

Answer: (b)

Explanation:

Recently, Norway, Ireland and Spain said that they would recognize a Palestinian state, a historic but largely symbolic move that further deepens Israel’s isolation amid its war against Hamas in Gaza.

Palestine’s bid for full U.N. Membership:

• Statement 1 is correct: India along with 142 other nations voted in favor of a draft U.N. General Assembly resolution determining qualification  for a full United Nations membership for the Palestine State.
• UNGA urged the Security Council to reconsider Palestine’s membership request according to Article 4 of the UN Charter.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The recent Resolution, while providing Palestine with some new rights and privileges, broadly reaffirms that it remains a non-member observer state without full U.N. membership,  as the resolution only determines whether the State of Palestine is qualified for membership or not.

About Palestine:

• Palestine is a country in the southern Levant region of West Asia. 
• Statement 3 is correct: It encompasses two disconnected territories — the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, collectively known as the Palestinian territories — within the larger region of Palestine. 
• The country shares its borders with Israel to north, west and south, Jordan to the east and Egypt to the southwest. 

Ans: b

Exp:

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) will now be open to new members and observers after a historic first charter of the grouping came into force on 20 May, the Ministry of External Affairs has announced.

About BIMSTEC:

• Background: 

• • Statement 1 and 3 are correct: It was founded as BIST-EC, in June 1997, with the adoption of the Bangkok Declaration, with Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand as members. 
  • It became BIMST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand Economic Cooperation) with the entry of Myanmar in late 1997,
  • And eventually, it was named in its current form, when Nepal and Bhutan became members in 2004.
• BIMSTEC is a multilateral regional organization established with the aim of accelerating shared growth and cooperation between littoral and adjacent countries in the Bay of Bengal region.
• Secretariat: Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Membership: It has a total of seven member countries:
  • Five from South Asia, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka;
  • Two from Southeast Asia, including Myanmar and Thailand.

Ans: b

Exp: 

Soon after Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi’s helicopter crashed, the European Union (EU) activated its rapid satellite mapping service to help search efforts, following a request for assistance from Iran. The rapid mapping service is one of the crucial components of the Emergency Management Service (EMS), which comes under the EU’s Copernicus programme.

About Copernicus Programme: 

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Part of the EU’s space programme aimed at Earth and environmental monitoring.
• Initial Name: Launched in 1998 as Global Monitoring for Environmental Security (GMES).
• Implementation: By the European Commission (EC) with support from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Environment Agency (EEA).
• Statement 2 is correct: The Copernicus programme aims to monitor the Earth and its environment by collecting data from a constellation of satellites called Sentinels, as well as from contributing missions and non-space sources.

Ans: a 

Exp:

Nearly half of financial frauds targeting Indians are originating from the three south-east Asian countries of Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos, and many web applications used to commit the frauds are written in Chinese language, thereby not ruling out the Chinese connection.

About Cyber Crime 

• Definition: Any unlawful act where a computer or communication device or computer network is used to commit or facilitate the commission of crime. 
• Cybercrimes comes as a State subject as per the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
• Statement 1 is correct: The newly enacted Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), which would come into effect from July 1, would put such crimes in the “organised crime” category.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) was established by MHA, in New Delhi to provide a framework and eco-system for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) for dealing with Cybercrime in a coordinated and comprehensive manner.
•  I4C is envisaged to act as the nodal point to curb Cybercrime in the country.

Types of cyber crimes:

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Cyber Stalking: Use of electronic communication by a person to follow a person, or attempts to contact a person to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such person.
• Cyber Grooming: It is when a person builds an online relationship with a young person and tricks him/her into doing a sexual act.