Ans: C

Exp:

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided and shared between a central governing authority and individual constituent political units, such as states or provinces. These constituent units retain a degree of sovereignty and autonomy while also participating in a unified national or federal government.

Some features of Federalism:

• Two sets of polities—one at the regional level and the other at the national level. Each government is autonomous in its own sphere.
• The people, likewise, have two sets of identities and loyalties—they belong to the region as well as the nation
• The details of this dual system of government are generally spelt out in a written constitution, which is considered to be supreme and which is also the source of the power of both sets of government
• To prevent conflicts between the centre and the State, there is an independent judiciary to settle disputes.

Reference : Chapter 7, Class 11th ncert, page no. 154  https://ncert.nic.in

Ans: C

Exp:

The Constitution of India, under the seventh schedule, clearly demarcates subjects which are under the exclusive domain of the Union and those under the States.

REFERENCE : chapter 7, Class 11th ncert, page no. 159

Ans: D

Exp:

Article 257 deals with the control of the Union over States in certain cases. It provides that the executive power of every state shall be exercised so as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to giving such directions to a state as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose.

In short, the Union Government can issue directions to the State Government even with regard to the subjects enumerated in the state list.

REFERENCE : chapter 7, Class 11th ncert, page no. 162

Ans: C

Exp:

In 1983, the Central government appointed a three-member Commission on Centre-state Relations to review the workings of the existing arrangements between the Union and the States in the changed socio-economic scenario.

Sarkaria Commission Recommendations on Governor

• The Governor Should be a respected individual and an outsider to the state.
• He may or may not have been actively involved in politics prior to his appointment.
• After leaving office, the person designated as Governor should not be eligible for any further appointments or prestigious positions in the Union or a State Government, with the exception of a second term as Governor or election as Vice-President or President of India.
• At the end of the Governor’s tenure, reasonable benefits after retirement should be offered.
• Governors should be impartial and not overly involved in the State’s regional politics.
• He must be chosen after consulting with the Lok Sabha Speaker, the Vice-President of India, and the State’s Chief Minister.

REFERENCE : chapter 7, Class 11th ncert, page no. 162

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was established in India in December 1953. Its major goal was to investigate and advocate state rearrangement in the country based on linguistic and administrative characteristics.  The SRC issued its report in 1955, and its recommendations served as the foundation for the States Organisation Act of 1956, which resulted in the organisation of states along linguistic lines as well as the formation of additional states and union territories.

Statement 2 is incorrect: In India, many States get differential treatment.  Due to the size and population of each State being different, an asymmetrical representation is provided in the Rajya Sabha. While ensuring minimum representation for each of the smaller States, this arrangement also ensures that larger states get more representation.

REFERENCE : chapter 7, Class 11th ncert, Page  no 168-170