Ans: C

Exp:  Telangana movement: The princely state of Hyderabad under Asajahi Nizams was marked by a combination of religious-linguistic domination, total lack of political and civil liberties, forced exploitation by deshmukhs, jagirdars, doras (landlords) in forms of forced labour (vethi) and illegal extractions. It led to Telangana Movement. The movement was able to achieve the following: 

• In the villages controlled by guerrillas, vethi and forced labour disappeared. 
• Agricultural wages were increased. 
• Measures were taken to improve irrigation and fight cholera in the region. Hence, Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct. 
• Illegally seized lands by Jagirdars and Deshmukhs were restored back to the peasants. Hence, Statement 3 is correct. 
• Steps were taken to fix ceilings and redistribute lands. 
• An improvement in the condition of women was witnessed.

Ans: D

Exp: After the end of the First World War, the prices of commodities were soaring high, but the wages of the labour were too low. This led to discontent among workers. The  need was felt for the organisation of the workers in trade unions, and thus the formation of AITUC took place on October 31, 1920. 

• Lala Lajpat Rai, was elected as the first president of AITUC and Dewan Chaman Lal as the first general secretary. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• The prominent Congress and Swarajist leader C.R. Das presided over the third and the fourth sessions of the AITUC. The Gaya session of the Congress (1922) welcomed the formation of the AITUC, and a committee was formed to assist it. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Ans: A

Exp: (The question is based on the 2017 Prelims Question related to Objective  Butler Committee).

The increase in the number of schools and colleges led to a deterioration of education standards. The Hartog Committee was set up by the Simon Commission as an auxiliary committee under the chairmanship of Phillip Hartog to prepare a report on education. Major recommendations of the committee are:

• The committee recommended that the education of boys and girls should get equal importance; more primary schools for girls should be established; and the curriculum should include hygiene, home science, and music in secondary schools.
• The report of the Hartog Committee was effective to an extent in improving the quality of primary education. Secondary school education also improved. The number of affiliated colleges also went up. However, the quantitative expansion suffered. 

Ans: B

Exp: Under private management, the quality of education had deteriorated and educational institutions acted as factories producing political revolutionaries and thus Lord Curzon formed a committee known as the Raleigh Commission to go into conditions and prospects of universities in India and to suggest measures for improvement in their constitution and working. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

As per the act:

• Universities were to give more attention to study and research;
• The number of fellows in a university and their period in office were reduced, and most fellows were to be nominated by the government; 
• Government was to have powers to veto universities’ senate regulations and could amend these regulations or pass regulations on its own; 
• Conditions were to be made stricter for affiliation of private colleges; 
• Five lakh rupees were to be sanctioned per annum for five years for the improvement of higher education and universities. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The act was introduced to increase the government’s control over Indian universities. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Ans: D

Exp: Option 1 is correct:  The Hartog Committee was set up by the Simon Commission as an auxiliary committee under the chairmanship of Phillip Hartog to prepare a report on education as due to the increase in the number of schools and colleges, the quality of education was deteriorating.

Option 2 is incorrect:  Lee Commission was formed to enquire about the development of Civil Services and not for education.

Option 3 is correct:  In 1917, the Government of India appointed the Calcutta University Commission, commonly called the Sadler Commission. The commission was set up to study and report on problems of Calcutta University, but its recommendations were applicable more or less to other universities also. It reviewed the entire field from school education to university education. It held the view that for the improvement of university education, improvement of secondary education was a necessary precondition.

Option 4 is incorrect: Mac Donald Commission was formed to enquire about the famine and not education. It called for appointing a famine commissioner in famine-affected provinces.