Ans: B 

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay, also known as R. D. Banerji, was an Indian historian and a native Indian pioneer in the fields of Indian archaeology, palaeography, and epigraphy. He is mostly known as the discoverer of Mohenjodaro, the principal site of the Harappa culture. 

D.R. Sahni’s excavation of Harappa in 1920-21 was one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. It led to the identification of the Harappan civilization, one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world.

Sahni’s excavations at Harappa revealed a well-planned city with a grid system of streets, a sophisticated drainage system, and a number of public buildings, including a granary, a bathhouse, and a citadel. He also discovered a wide range of artefacts, including pottery, jewellery, and metalwork.

Statement 2 is correct: The Harappan civilization was centred in the region between the Indus River and the Ganga River. While the Indus River and its tributaries were vital to civilization, many settlements were also located along the Saraswati River and its tributaries. The Saraswati River is significant in Harappan civilization studies, and its dry riverbed is believed to be a major focus of settlement distribution. Some scholars even refer to the civilization as the “Indus-Saraswati civilization” to emphasize the importance of the Saraswati River.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: There is no strict correlation between the level of planning and the size of a settlement. It points out that the relatively small site of Lothal demonstrates a much higher level of planning than Kalibangan, even though Kalibangan is twice the size of Lothal. This means that planning in Harappan cities could vary independently of settlement size. In some cases, smaller settlements may exhibit better planning than larger ones.

Statement 2 is correct: Dholavira is known for its exceptional fortification walls, which were constructed using stone with a dressed stone veneer. This distinctive architectural element sets Dholavira apart from all other Harappan sites. The use of dressed stone veneer in the construction of these fortification walls is a remarkable and unparalleled feature within the Harappan civilization. These walls served as protective structures around the city, and their construction with stone is a notable aspect of Dholavira’s architecture.

Statement 3 is correct: notable difference in the choice of building materials between large cities and smaller towns in the Harappan civilization. It emphasizes that large cities within the Harappan civilization predominantly used burnt bricks for construction, while smaller towns and settlements relied on sun-dried bricks. This marked a significant contrast in building materials, with the quality and durability of burnt bricks making them a preferred choice for the construction of structures in larger urban centers. In contrast, smaller towns and villages typically used sun-dried bricks, which were more readily available and suitable for their needs. This choice of building materials reflected variations in construction practices based on settlement size within the Harappan civilization.

Ans: B

Exp:

Pair 1 is incorrect: The discovery of factory sites in the limestone hills of Sukkur and Rohri indicates that these locations were important for the production of chert blades and not copper. Copper was mined and smelted at a number of sites in the Harappan region, but the most important source of copper was the Khetri mines in Rajasthan, India.

Pair 2 is correct: Tin is another important metal that was traded by the Harappans. It was used to make bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. Bronze is a stronger and more durable metal than copper, and it was used to make a variety of objects, including tools, weapons, and armor. The Harappans mined tin at a few sites in India, such as Tosam in Haryana. However, they also imported tin from other regions, such as Afghanistan and central Asia.

Pair 3 is correct: Gujarat was a major source of semi-precious stones, such as agate and carnelian, during the Harappan period. These stones were used to make beads, jewelry, and other decorative objects. The Harappans traded semi-precious stones with other regions, including Mesopotamia and Egypt.

Pair 4 is incorrect:  Lapis lazuli is a blue semi-precious stone that was imported into the Harappan region from Afghanistan. It was used to make beads, jewelry, and other decorative objects. Lapis lazuli was a highly prized commodity by the Harappans, and it was often used in the burials of the wealthy and powerful.

Ans: D

Exp:

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Burzahom means” the place of birch” and is situated 16 km West of Srinagar. The people of Burzahom used coarse gray pottery. It is interesting that the Burzahom domestic dogs were buried with their masters in their graves.The placing of domestic dogs in the graves of their masters do not seem to be the practice with Neolithic people in any other part of India. The earliest date for Burzahom is about 2700 B.C.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Chirand which is 40 km West of Patna on the Northen side of the Ganga has yielded considerable bone implements. Made of antlers(horns of deer),these implements have been found in a late Neolithic set up in an area

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Settlements South of Godavari river settled on the top of granite hills or on plateaus near river banks. They used stone axes and some kind of stone blades. Fire baked earthen figurines suggest that they kept a large number of cattle. They possessed cattle,sheep and goats. They used rubbing stone querns,which shows that they were acquainted with the art of producing cereals.

Ans: C

Exp:

Site 1 is correct: Hallur, located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the Haveri district, is famous for its prehistoric ash-mound. Nagaraja Rao discovered Hallur’s ash mound in 1962 and excavated it in 1965. The excavations showed two periods of human occupation: Neolithic-Chalcolithic and a Neolithic-Chalcolithic-early Iron Age overlapping phase. Several artefacts were discovered during the excavations, including iron arrowheads, daggers and knives, and ceramics. Black-and-red pottery with lines and patterns was discovered.

Site 2 is correct: Maski Takkalakota is a well-known Neolithic site in India, located south of the Godavari River on the crest of granite hills. Sheep, goats, and cattle were all domesticated. Archaeologists have discovered ash mounds.

Site 3 is correct: Humans lived in the Piklihal settlement from the stone age to the early medieval period. Pieces of handcrafted containers, clay dolls, broken terracotta bangles, and stone grinding machinery can all be discovered in Piklihal village. According to historians, the area, which is surrounded by nine rocky hills, was initially chosen by hunters and gatherers in 2700 BC, during the lower neolithic period. In the Lingasugur taluk, the village is 5 kilometers from Mudgal.

Site 4 is incorrect: The excavated site of the Daimabad is located in the state of Maharashtra in the Ahmednagar district.This site was found as a result of three excavations which was carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India. It is the largest Chalcolithic site which was found in the state of Maharashtra.