Ans: D

Exp:

Atharvaveda is the fourth Veda. It is a collection of Charms,magic and spells.The Upanishads of Atharvaveda are Mundaka, Prahasana and Maha.

Statement 1 is incorrect– Satyamev Jayate is mentioned in Mundaka Upanishads. It means truth alone triumphs.

Statement 2 is incorrect– Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is mentioned in Maha Upanishad. It means the whole world is like a family.

Ans: C

Exp:

Between the sixth and the fourth centuries BCE, Magadha became the most powerful kingdom. The region was agriculturally productive. Iron mines were accessible and provided resources for tools and weapons. Elephants formed an important component of the army. Also, the Ganga and its tributaries provided a means of cheap and convenient communication. This all led to the development of the Magadha empire. Vajji, Vanga and Anga Mahajanapadas were the contemporary janapadas and located near the Ganga and its tributaries. Hence, Option c is the correct answer.

Ans: C

Exp:

Later Vedic period existed from 1000 B.C. to 600 B.C. The period witnessed the development of agriculture. The volume of trade and commerce increased. The unit value of goods was a gold bar called Nishka. Other metals like Tin, Lead and copper were also known to the people. Treasurers during the period were called as Samgrahitri and Bhagdugha. They collected taxes but only Vaishyas were taxpayers. Bhaga was one-twelfth of the produce.

Ans: A

Exp:

During the later Vedic period, the religious spirit underwent a great change. Religion was overshadowed by rites and rituals. New gods and goddesses emerged during this period. Rig Vedic gods lost their charm, and new gods and goddesses like Vasudev(incarnation of Vishnu), Durga and Ganesh started being worshipped. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

• During this period, the rites and ceremonies of Vedic religion were elaborated and became complex. In the Rig Vedic age, Yajnas were a simple affair that every householder could do. But in the later Vedic age, sacrifice became an important thing in worship. Now the priestly class devoted their energy to finding out the hidden and mystic meaning of the rites and ceremonies. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The period saw the emergence of new intellectual thought. It was believed that there is one Brahma who was the creator and controller of the whole order. It is a universal soul. After the death of a person, his soul passes into another body and again into another, and this process continues till it can be liberated from all its imperfections and merged into the Universal Soul. This is the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Ans: B

Exp:

During the Later Vedic age, The king’s influence was strengthened by rituals like Asvamedha and Rajasuya. Rajasuya sacrifice was supposed to confer supreme power on the king. King also performed Vajapeya or the chariot race, in which the royal chariot was made to win the race against his kinsmen. All these rituals impressed the people with the increasing power and prestige of the king. Hence, Option b is correct.

• At the lower level, the Administration was possibly carried on by village assemblies, which may have been controlled by the chiefs of the dominant tribes. Tribes used to help the King during the war as the King didn’t have a standing army. Spies were not known during this time period.