Ans: D

Exp:

Pair 1 is correctly matched : Radial pattern is the drainage pattern in which rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions. The rivers that originate from the Amarkantak range, such as Son, Narmada, etc., have this pattern.

Pair 2 is correctly matched : A dendritic river pattern resembles the branches of a tree; generally, rivers of the northern plains, such as the Ganga and its tributaries, such as the Yamuna, Ghagra, Gandak, etc represent such a pattern.

Pair 3 is correctly matched : Parallel drainage systems develop in regions of parallel, elongated landforms where there is a pronounced slope to the surface. The Tributary streams tend to stretch out in a parallel-like fashion, following the slope of the surface. e.g., The rivers originating in the Western Ghats; Godavari, Kaveri, Krishna, and Tungabhadra.

Ans: C

Exp :

Most of the Indian rivers discharge their waters either into the Bay of Bengal or into the Arabian Sea. The large rivers in the peninsular plateau have their origins in the western ghats and drainage in the Bay of Bengal. The rivers Tapi and Narmada, two large rivers of Peninsular India, are exceptions, as they originate in Mount Amarkantak and discharge their waters into the Arabian Sea. However, various smaller rivers like Sindhu, Sabarmati, Mahi, Purna, etc, discharge their water into the Arabian Sea.

Ans: D

Exp:

River Indus is one of the major Himalayan rivers which receives a number of Himalayan tributaries like the Gilgit, the Zaskar, Shyok, the Hunza, the Dras, Nubra, and the Shigar etc. Its left bank tributaries include the Panjnad, beas, Suru, Zanskar, Jhelum, Chenab and Soan . It finally emerges from a place near Attock Hills, where it receives the Kabul River on its right bank.

 Some of the important tributaries joining the right bank of the Indus are the Khurram, Gilgit,  Gomal, Viboa, Tochi and Sangar. They all originate in the Sulaiman Ranges.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect : The rivers of peninsular drainage systems such as the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri are characterised by fixed courses, the absence of meanders, and a nonperennial flow of water. V-shaped valleys, oxbow lakes, rapids, waterfalls, etc., are features of the Himalayan drainage system.

Statement 2 is correct: For the peninsular river system, the Western Ghats that run close to the western coast of India act as the water divide between the major Peninsular rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.

Statement 3 is incorrect : One of the major geological events that have shaped the peninsular drainage system is the tilting of the block. Its tilt is from North-West to South-East direction, which gives orientation to the whole drainage basin towards the Bay of Bengal. That is why most of the rivers drain themselves into the Bay of Bengal.

Ans: A

Exp:

The Indian Climate is affected by the following factors: Latitude, Distance from the sea, Distribution of land and water, Altitude, Himalayan mountains, and Relief.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indian Climate is highly influenced by altitude. It has been observed that the temperature decreases with an increase in height. Places located in the mountains are generally cooler than places situated on the plains. Hence, it is observed that although Darjeeling, Agra are located on the same latitude, the temperature of January in Agra is 16°C whereas it is only 4°C in Darjeeling, so both of them experience different climate characteristics.

Statement 2 is correct: The Himalayan Mountains influence India’s climate to a large extent. These lofty mountains cover the entire northern periphery and, along with their extensions, act as an effective climatic divide.  The mountain chains of the Himalayas provide an effective shield and protect the Indian subcontinent from the cold northern winds. These cold and chilly winds originate near the Arctic Circle and blow across central and eastern Asia. The Himalayas also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture within the subcontinent.

Statement 3 is correct: The latitudinal extent of India is such that the northern part of the country lies in the warm temperate or subtropical zone, and the southern half of the country lies in tropical zones. The regions located near the tropical zone experience high temperatures throughout the year with small daily and annual ranges as they are near the equator. The area north of the Tropic of Cancer, being away from the equator, experiences an extreme climate with a high daily and annual range of temperature.