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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
The Nehru Report headed by Jawaharlal Nehru was the first attempt by Indians themselves to prepare a Constitution of India.
Cabinet Mission allowed provinces to enter separate constitutional arrangements.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans: B
Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first attempt by Indians themselves to prepare a Constitution of India was made in the Nehru Report (1928). Earlier, effort by Indians was made in the name of the swaraj (self-rule) by leaders of Indian national movement during the non-cooperation movement in 1921-22. The Nehru Report was known as such because it was named after the chairman of its drafting committee, Motilal Nehru.
Statement 2 is correct:In 1942, the British government sent its cabinet member – Sir Stafford Cripps with the draft declaration on proposals (regarding formation of constitution for Indians). The draft proposals of the Cripps Mission recommended the following: providing Dominion Status to India, i.e., equal partnership of the British Commonwealth of Nations; all Provinces (ruled by the British India government) and Indian States (ruled by Indian princes) should constitute one Indian Union by the British Constitution; the Constitution of India should be framed by an elected Constituent Assembly of Indian people but if any province (or Indian State) which was not prepared to accept the Constitution was to be free to retain its constitutional position which had existed at that time. Such provinces were to be free to enter separate constitutional arrangements.
PW ONLYIAS Extra Edge:
Features of Nehru Report:
The Nehru Report demanded universal suffrage for adults and responsible government both in the centre and the provinces.
It, however, supported the Dominion Status and not complete independence, which disappointed the younger generation of the Congress.
Incorrect
Ans: B
Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first attempt by Indians themselves to prepare a Constitution of India was made in the Nehru Report (1928). Earlier, effort by Indians was made in the name of the swaraj (self-rule) by leaders of Indian national movement during the non-cooperation movement in 1921-22. The Nehru Report was known as such because it was named after the chairman of its drafting committee, Motilal Nehru.
Statement 2 is correct:In 1942, the British government sent its cabinet member – Sir Stafford Cripps with the draft declaration on proposals (regarding formation of constitution for Indians). The draft proposals of the Cripps Mission recommended the following: providing Dominion Status to India, i.e., equal partnership of the British Commonwealth of Nations; all Provinces (ruled by the British India government) and Indian States (ruled by Indian princes) should constitute one Indian Union by the British Constitution; the Constitution of India should be framed by an elected Constituent Assembly of Indian people but if any province (or Indian State) which was not prepared to accept the Constitution was to be free to retain its constitutional position which had existed at that time. Such provinces were to be free to enter separate constitutional arrangements.
PW ONLYIAS Extra Edge:
Features of Nehru Report:
The Nehru Report demanded universal suffrage for adults and responsible government both in the centre and the provinces.
It, however, supported the Dominion Status and not complete independence, which disappointed the younger generation of the Congress.
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following features of the Indian Constitution:
Bicameralism
Single Constitution
Independent Judiciary
Emergency Provisions
How many of the features given above are the unitary features of the Constitution?
Correct
Ans: B
Exp:
Option 1 is incorrect: Bicameralism is a federal feature of the constitution. The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Rajya Sabha) and a Lower House (Lok Sabha).
Option 2 is correct: A single Constitution is a unitary feature of the constitution. Usually, in a federation, the states have the right to frame their own Constitution separate from that of the Centre. In India, on the contrary, no such power is given to the states. The Constitution of India embodies not only the Constitution of the Centre but also those of the states.
Option 3 is incorrect: Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the constitution. The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court for two purposes: one, to protect the supremacy of the Constitution by exercising the power of judicial review; and two, to settle the disputes between the Centre and the states or between the states. The Constitution contains various measures like security of tenure to judges, fixed service conditions and so on to make the judiciary independent of the government.
Option 4 is correct: Emergency Provisions is a unitary feature of the constitution. The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies–national, state and financial. During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre. It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the Constitution.
Incorrect
Ans: B
Exp:
Option 1 is incorrect: Bicameralism is a federal feature of the constitution. The Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Rajya Sabha) and a Lower House (Lok Sabha).
Option 2 is correct: A single Constitution is a unitary feature of the constitution. Usually, in a federation, the states have the right to frame their own Constitution separate from that of the Centre. In India, on the contrary, no such power is given to the states. The Constitution of India embodies not only the Constitution of the Centre but also those of the states.
Option 3 is incorrect: Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the constitution. The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary headed by the Supreme Court for two purposes: one, to protect the supremacy of the Constitution by exercising the power of judicial review; and two, to settle the disputes between the Centre and the states or between the states. The Constitution contains various measures like security of tenure to judges, fixed service conditions and so on to make the judiciary independent of the government.
Option 4 is correct: Emergency Provisions is a unitary feature of the constitution. The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies–national, state and financial. During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre. It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the Constitution.
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the Government of India Act 1858?
Correct
Ans: C
Exp:
The Government of India Act 1858, known as the Act for the Good Government of India, abolished the East India Company and transferred the powers of government, territories, and revenues to the British Crown.
The features of this Act were as follows:
It provided that India, henceforth, was to be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty. It changed the designation of the Governor-General of India to that of Viceroy of India. He was the direct representative of the British Crown in India. Lord Canning thus became the first Viceroy of India.
It ended the system of double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.
It created a new office, the Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was ultimately responsible to the British Parliament.
It established a 15-member council of India to assist the Secretary of State for India. The council was an advisory body. The secretary of state was made chairman of the council.
It constituted the Secretary of State-in Council as a body corporate capable of suing and being sued in India and in England.
The Act of 1858, however, primarily focused on enhancing the administrative framework through which the Indian government was to be overseen and managed from England. The local Indian government system was mostly unaffected by it.
The Charter Act of 1853 introduced an open competition system for the selection and recruitment of civil servants.
The Charter Act of 1833 ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, which became a purely administrative body. It provided that the Company’s territories in India were
held by it in trust for the British Crown.
Incorrect
Ans: C
Exp:
The Government of India Act 1858, known as the Act for the Good Government of India, abolished the East India Company and transferred the powers of government, territories, and revenues to the British Crown.
The features of this Act were as follows:
It provided that India, henceforth, was to be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty. It changed the designation of the Governor-General of India to that of Viceroy of India. He was the direct representative of the British Crown in India. Lord Canning thus became the first Viceroy of India.
It ended the system of double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.
It created a new office, the Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was ultimately responsible to the British Parliament.
It established a 15-member council of India to assist the Secretary of State for India. The council was an advisory body. The secretary of state was made chairman of the council.
It constituted the Secretary of State-in Council as a body corporate capable of suing and being sued in India and in England.
The Act of 1858, however, primarily focused on enhancing the administrative framework through which the Indian government was to be overseen and managed from England. The local Indian government system was mostly unaffected by it.
The Charter Act of 1853 introduced an open competition system for the selection and recruitment of civil servants.
The Charter Act of 1833 ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, which became a purely administrative body. It provided that the Company’s territories in India were
held by it in trust for the British Crown.
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Morley-Minto reforms, 1909:
The reforms introduced the concept of separate electorates for Muslims.
It allowed the central legislative council to have a non-official majority.
It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both the central and provincial levels.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Ans: B
Exp:
Statement 1 is correct: The Morley-Minto reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalised communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the father of communal electorate.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Morley-Minto reforms retained the official majority in the central legislative council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have a non-official majority.
Statement 3 is correct: The legislative councils at the centre and the provinces increased in size. The Imperial Legislative Council was expanded, and provincial legislative councils were established for the major provinces, extending the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on.
Incorrect
Ans: B
Exp:
Statement 1 is correct: The Morley-Minto reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of ‘separate electorate’. Under this, the Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Thus, the Act ‘legalised communalism’ and Lord Minto came to be known as the father of communal electorate.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Morley-Minto reforms retained the official majority in the central legislative council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have a non-official majority.
Statement 3 is correct: The legislative councils at the centre and the provinces increased in size. The Imperial Legislative Council was expanded, and provincial legislative councils were established for the major provinces, extending the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both levels. For example, members were allowed to ask supplementary questions, move resolutions on the budget, and so on.
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following is a key difference between the Indian parliamentary system and the British parliamentary system?
Correct
Ans: C
Exp:
In the Indian parliamentary system, the Head of State is the President, who is elected by an electoral college for a fixed term. The post of the president is not hereditary, and he/she is elected through a democratic process. In contrast, in the British parliamentary system, the Head of State is the monarch (King or Queen), and this position is hereditary.
Incorrect
Ans: C
Exp:
In the Indian parliamentary system, the Head of State is the President, who is elected by an electoral college for a fixed term. The post of the president is not hereditary, and he/she is elected through a democratic process. In contrast, in the British parliamentary system, the Head of State is the monarch (King or Queen), and this position is hereditary.
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format Integration of PYQ within the booklet Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
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Comprehensive coverage with a concise format Integration of PYQ within the booklet Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
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