Ans: B

Exp:

Statement-I is correct: The solar radiation Earth receives primarily consists of shorter wavelengths of visible light and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.  Hence the earth’s surface receives most of its energy in short wavelengths.

Statement-II is correct: The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation, which in short, is termed insolation. The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during the day, in a season and in a year.

Hence, Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct

explanation for Statement-I

Reference : Class 12th NCERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Chapter 8

Ans: D

Exp:

Insolation refers to the amount of solar radiation received at a particular location on Earth’s surface. The amount and the intensity of insolation vary during the day, in a season and in a year. The factors that cause these variations in insolation are : 

• • the rotation of the Earth on its axis; 
  • the angle of inclination of the sun’s rays; 
  • the length of the day; 
  • the transparency of the atmosphere; 

• the revolution of Earth around the sun

• the configuration of land in terms of its aspect. 

Reference: Class 12th NCERT, Fundamental of  Physical Geography, Chapter 8

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement-I is correct: In middle latitudes, advection is the only factor responsible for the majority of diurnal (day and night) variations in daily weather. Local winds known as “loo” are the result of the advection process and occur in tropical places, particularly in northern India during the summer.

Statement-II is correct:  Advection is the process of heat transfer through the horizontal movement of air.  It is an essential mechanism for redistributing heat in the atmosphere, influencing weather patterns and climate on a regional and global scale.

Hence, Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct

explanation for Statement-I.

                                                                                                      (Fig: Local Name for Pre-monsoonal Showers)

Reference: Class 12th NCERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Chapter 8

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Normally, temperatures decrease with an increase in elevation. It is called the normal lapse rate. At times, the situation is reversed, and the normal lapse rate is inverted. It is called an inversion of temperature.  i.e., the temperature rises with increasing elevation. This phenomenon occurs when a layer of warmer air traps cooler air near the surface

Statement 2 is incorrect:  Inversion is usually of short duration phenomenon. A long winter night with clear skies and still air is an ideal situation for inversion. The heat of the day is radiated off during the night, and by early morning hours, the earth is cooler than the air above. Over polar areas, temperature inversion is normal throughout the year.

Reference: Class 12th NCERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Chapter 8

 Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 correct: The factor that influences the temperature is the location of a place with respect to the sea. Compared to land, the sea gets heated slowly and loses heat slowly.i.e. Land heats up and cools down quickly. This phenomenon is due to differences in the specific heat capacities of land and water.

Statement 2 is correct: the variation in temperature over the sea is less compared to land. i.e. The place situated near the sea experiences less temperature variation. The places situated near the sea come under the moderating influence of the sea and land breezes which moderate the temperature.

This phenomenon is known as the maritime effect or maritime influence.

Reference: Class 12th NCERT, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Chapter 8