Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The trees shed their leaves but there is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. As such these forests appear green all year round.

Statement 3 is correct: Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogany, aini, ebony, etc.

Statement 4 is correct: They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and a mean annual temperature above 22oC.

Ans: A

Exp:

Estuaries are very dynamic and productive ecosystems since the river flow, tidal range and sediment distribution is continuously changing in them. Examples of estuaries are river mouths, coastal bays, tidal marshes, lagoons and deltas.

Statement I is correct:  Estuaries are unique and dynamic ecosystems formed at the interface between freshwater rivers or streams and saltwater bodies such as oceans or seas .They are highly productive ecosystems that support abundant and diverse fauna. Their unique combination of freshwater from rivers and saltwater from the ocean creates a dynamic environment with a rich supply of nutrients, making them one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth

Statement II is correct: They are richer in nutrients than fresh waters or marine waters therefore; they are highly productive and support abundant fauna. In general, the phytoplanktons of estuaries are diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and blue-green algae. 

Ans: C

Exp:

Pair 1 is correct: The neritic zone extends from the intertidal zone to depths of about 200 m (or 650 ft) at the edge of the continental shelf. Because light can penetrate this depth, photosynthesis can occur.

Pair 2 is correct: Beneath the water is the benthic zone, which is comprised of sand, silt, and dead organisms. This is a nutrient-rich portion of the ocean because of the dead organisms that fall from the upper layers of the ocean.

Pair 3 is correct:  The deepest part of the ocean is the abyssal zone, which is at depths of 4000 m or greater. The abyssal zone is very cold and has very high pressure, high oxygen content, and low nutrient content. There are a variety of invertebrates and fishes found in this zone, but the abyssal zone does not have plants because of the lack of light. 

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The Plants in the Tundra region are short and group together to resist the cold temperatures and are protected by the snow during the winter. They can carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures and low light intensities. 

Statement 2 is incorrect:  There are no deep root systems in the vegetation of the Arctic tundra. However, there is still a wide variety of plants that are able to resist the cold climate. There are about 1,700 kinds of plants in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic.

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Great Barrier Reef(GBR), which extends for over 2,300 kilometres (1429 miles) is located along the northeastern coast of Australia.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The GBR covers approximately 348,000 square kilometres.  Most of the property lies within the GBR Marine Park: at 344,400 square kilometres, this Federal Marine Park comprises approximately 99% of the property. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, an independent Australian Government agency, is responsible for protection and management of the GBR Marine Park. 

Statement 3 is correct: It also holds great scientific interest as the habitat of species such as the dugong (‘sea cow’) and the large green turtle, which are threatened with extinction.

Statement 4 is correct: As the world’s most extensive coral reef ecosystem, the Great Barrier Reef is a globally outstanding and significant entity. Practically the entire ecosystem was inscribed as World Heritage in 1981 by UNESCO, covering an area of 348,000 square kilometres.