Ans: D

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Peaty soils are found in areas with high rainfall and low drainage. This is because the high rainfall prevents the water from draining away, which leads to the accumulation of organic matter.

Statement 2 is correct: They are characterised by the presence of a type of organic matter called peat. Peat is formed from the decomposition of plants, such as mosses, ferns, and sphagnum.

Statement 3 is correct: They are acidic, which makes them unsuitable for most crops. This is because the acidity prevents the plants from taking up nutrients. They have low nutrient content, but they are good at storing water. This is because the organic matter in peat is very good at absorbing water. They are very slow to form. It can take thousands of years for a peat bog to form.

Additional information about Peaty soil :

• They are very important for wildlife. They provide a habitat for many plants and animals, such as otters, beavers, and birds.
• They are also important for storing carbon. Peat is a very good carbon sink, meaning that it can store a lot of carbon dioxide.
• Some examples of peaty soils: The bogs of Ireland and Scotland, muskegs of Canada, and peatlands of Russia are the largest peatlands in the world.

Ans: A

Exp:

Tropical wet evergreen vegetation is found in areas with high rainfall and high temperatures. These forests are characterised by the presence of tall trees with broad leaves. The trees in these forests do not shed their leaves, and they are always green. This is because the climate in these areas is warm and wet all year round, so the trees do not need to shed their leaves to conserve water.

• The trees in tropical wet evergreen forests have buttress roots, which help them anchor themselves in the soil. This is because the soil in these areas is often wet and muddy, so the trees need strong roots to support themselves.
• Tropical wet evergreen forests are found in the northeastern states of India, such as Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh. These forests are also found in other parts of the world, such as Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America.
• Some examples of trees found in tropical wet evergreen forests include Dipterocarpus, Hopea, Mesua, Terminalia, Artocarpus.

Additional information about tropical wet evergreen vegetation:

• These forests are found in areas with an annual rainfall of over 200 cm.
• The temperature in these forests ranges from 20 to 27 degrees Celsius.
• The trees in these forests have a dense canopy, which blocks out most of the sunlight. Thus, the undergrowth in these forests is sparse.

Ans: B

Exp:

Option (a) is incorrect: Bamboo is a type of grass that is not a medicinal plant. It does not have rhizomes, but it does have underground stems called culms.

Option (b) is correct: Ginger can be taken as a tea or capsule to help relieve nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness, pregnancy, or surgery. Ginger plants can grow up to 1 metre tall and have long, green leaves. The rhizomes of ginger plants are thick and knotty. Ginger rhizomes are used to add flavour to ale and beer. They can also be used to make ginger ale and ginger beer. Ginger is a popular spice in Asian cuisine. It can be used in stir-fries, curries, and marinades. Ginger rhizomes can be divided into smaller pieces and planted. Ginger seeds can also be planted, but they will take longer to germinate.

Option (c) is incorrect: Turmeric is a medicinal plant that is used to treat inflammation. It does not have thick, knotty rhizomes, but it does have thin, wiry rhizomes.

Option (d) is incorrect: Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that does not have rhizomes. It has underground stems called rhizomes, but they are not used for propagation.

Ans: B

Exp:

Chernozem is one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Chernozems (from the Russian words for “black earth”) are humus-rich grassland soils used extensively for growing cereals or raising livestock. They are found in the middle latitudes of both hemispheres, in zones commonly termed Prairie in North America, Pampa in Argentina, and Steppe in Asia or Eastern Europe. Chernozems account for 1.8 percent of the total continental land area on Earth.

Chernozems are characterised by a surface layer that is rich in humus and calcium ions bound to soil particles, resulting in a well-aggregated structure with abundant natural grass vegetation. They form in climatic zones with seasonal rainfall of 450–600 mm (18–24 inches) per year, coming in the spring or early summer; with cold winters; and with relatively short, hot summers.

Ans: B

Exp: 

Footloose industries are those that can be located in a wide variety of places. Ex: watch-making, diamond cutting, precision electronics, etc. They have the following characteristics: 

• They are not dependent on any location-specific raw material, weight losing or otherwise. 
• They largely depend on component parts, which can be obtained anywhere. 
• They produce in small quantities and also employ a small labour force. 
• These are generally not polluting industries. 
• The important factor in their location is accessibility by road network, availability of Human resources, etc.
• They need skilled workers for the industrial process.