Ans: D

Exp: 

A region is considered to be civilised if its people know writing, set up a system for collecting taxes, and maintaining order, form social classes and produce specialists for performing priestly, administrative, and production functions. Above all, a civilised society is able to produce enough to sustain not only the actual producers comprising artisans and peasants, but also consumers who are not engaged in production. A combination of these elements makes for civilisation. Hence, all the Options are correct.

Ans: D

Exp:

Pair 1 is correct: Sandhivigrahaka or mahasandhivigrahaka in the Gupta empire was a minister of peace and war. He was also in charge of contact and correspondence with other states, including initiating wars and concluding alliances and treaties.

Pair 2 is correct: In contrast to the Mauryas, the Guptas do not seem to have possessed a big organised Army. Chariots receded into the background, and cavalry came to the forefront. Mahashvapati was the commander of the cavalry. Other officers related to the Army include Mahapilupati(officer in charge of elephants), Senapati and Baladhikrta.

Pair 3 is incorrect:  The Guptas continued the traditional machinery of bureaucratic administration but it was not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. The Mantri(chief-minister) stood at the head of civil administration. Mahapratiara was connected specifically with the Royal establishment and he was the chief of the palace guards. Khadyatapakita was the superintendent of the Royal kitchen and he too was connected with the Royal establishment.

Pair 4 is correct: The provinces of the Gupta Empire were known as deshas or bhuktis. Governors known as Uparikas were in charge of running them. He was directly appointed by the king. He had the title Maharaja in three of the Damodarpur plates indicating his high status and rank in the administrative hierarchy.

Ans: A

Exp:

The Gupta kingdom was enlarged enormously by Chandragupta I’s son and successor Samudragupta. He was the opposite of Asoka and believed in violence and conquest. The places and the countries conquered by Samudraguota can be divided into five groups which include Ganga Yamuna doab, Eastern Himalayan and Frontier States, atavika rajyas in the Vindhya region, Eastern Deccan and South India, regions ruled by the Sakas and Kushans. The prestige and influence of Samudragupta spread even outside India. According to a Chinese source, Meghavarman, the ruler of Sri Lanka, sent a missionary to Samudragupta for permission to build a Buddhist temple at Gaya.This was granted and the Temple developed into a huge monastic establishment. From Allahabad inscription it would appear that Samudragupta never knew any defeat and he is called the Napolean of India. 

Ans: A

Exp: 

Statement-I is correct: The Gupta bureaucracy was not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. The most important officers in the Gupta empire were the kumaramatyas. They were appointed by the king in the home provinces and possibly paid in cash. Since the Guptas were possibly Vaisyas, recruitment was not confined to the upper Varnas only. But several offices came to be combined in the hands of the same person, and posts became hereditary.

Statement-II is correct: Since much of the Imperial administration was managed by feudatories and beneficiaries, the Gupta rulers did not require as many officials as the Mauryas did. Other reasons for less elaborate bureaucracy were less involvement of the state in economic activities and participation of artisans, merchants, elders etc, in rural and urban administration. The Guptas, therefore, neither needed nor possessed the elaborate administrative machinery of Maurya times and in several ways their political system appears to be feudal.

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

Ans: C

Exp:

1, 2 and 4 are correct: The contribution of traders to the soundness of the Gupta economy is quite impressive. The internal trade used to be carried on by roads and rivers. Foreign trade was carried on by sea and land. There were many ports that facilitated trade on the western coast of India in the Gupta empire, such as Calliena (Kalyan), Chaul port in ruin sixty kilometres south of Mumbai, and the markets of Male (Malabar), Mangarouth (Mangalore), Salopatana, Nalopatana and Pandopatana on the Malabar coast.

3 is incorrect: Tamralipti in Bengal was an important centre of trade on the eastern coast. These ports and towns were connected with those of Persia, Arabia and Byzantium on the one hand and Sri Lanka, China and Southeast Asia on the other. Luxury goods were the principal articles of long-distance trade. India exported pearls, precious stones, cloth perfumes, spices, indigo, drugs, coconuts and ivory articles, while its main items of import were gold, silver, tin, lead, silk and horses.