Ans: A

Exp:

A colourable variation is an immaterial or insignificant variation. According to the doctrine of colourable variation, if the infringer makes a slight modification to the patented product or process but, in fact, takes in substance the essential features of the patented invention, then it shall constitute patent infringement under the doctrine of colourable variation.

Ans: D

Exp:

Indian Patent Act, 1970 aimed to amend and consolidate the laws relating to the patent in India. Under this Act,  some of the products/processes which is not allowed to be patented in India are as follows:

• a method of agriculture or horticulture;
• any process for the medicinal, surgical, curative, prophylactic diagnostic, therapeutic or other treatment of human beings or any process for a similar treatment of animals to render them free of disease or to increase their economic value or that of their products.
• plants and animals in whole or any part thereof other than micro­ organisms but including seeds, varieties and species and essentially biological processes for production or propagation of plants and animals;
• a mathematical or business method or a computer program per se or algorithms;
• a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever, including cinematographic works and television productions;
• a mere scheme or rule or method of performing a mental act or method of playing a game;
• a presentation of information;
• topography of integrated circuits;

Ans: C

Exp: 

Bio-piracy is a situation where indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous people, is used by others for profit, without permission from and with little or no compensation or recognition to the indigenous people themselves. Biopiracy operates through the unfair application of patents to genetic resources and traditional knowledge.

Ans: A

Exp: 

Mega Science Vision-2035 (MSV-2035) Exercise has been undertaken by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the GOI. The Year 2035 has been chosen keeping in view the timelines of similar exercises undertaken elsewhere in the world and the expected lifetime of utilization of major global facilities in which India is involved at the present time. The MSV-2035 Exercise has begun in the right earnest and will result in Road-Map Documents in six areas. These six areas are:

• High Energy Physics
• Nuclear Physics
• Astronomy & Astrophysics 
• Accelerator-based Science & Technology
• Climate Research
• Ecology & Environmental Science

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Prime Minister’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC) is a 21-member body headed by the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India.

Statement 2 is correct: It is responsible for advising the Prime Minister on all matters related to Science and technology and to monitor the implementation of the Prime Minister’s vision on the same.