Ans: B

Exp:

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Young Bengal Movement (1809-31) was a radical, intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal started by Henry Vivian Derozio. He inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality, and freedom. Derozio was perhaps the first nationalist poet of modern India.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: In 1878, the disgusted followers of Keshab set up a new Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. It was started by Ananda Mohan Bose, Sib Chandra Deb, and Umeshchandra Dutta. It reiterated the Brahmo doctrines of faith in a Supreme being, one God, the belief that no scripture or man is infallible, and believed in the dictates of reason, truth, and morality.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Jyotiba Phule started a movement against upper caste domination and Brahminical supremacy known as the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873. The main aims of the movement were social service and the spread of education among women and lower caste people.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Self- Respect movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, a Balija Naidu, in the mid-1920s. Its main centre was in Tamil Nadu. Kudi Arasu Journal was started by Periyar in 1910.

Statement 2 is correct: The movement aimed at nothing short of a rejection of the Brahmanical religion and culture which Naicker felt was the prime instrument of exploitation of the lower castes. He sought to undermine the position of Brahmin priests by formalising weddings without Brahmin priests.

Ans: D

Exp:

 Statement 1 and 2 are correct: The tendency of reformers to appeal to the greatness of the past and to rely on scriptural authority encouraged mysticism in new garbs and fostered pseudo-scientific thinking while exercising a check on the full acceptance of the need for a modern scientific outlook. But, above all, these tendencies contributed, at least to some extent, in compartmentalising Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Parsis, as also alienating high-caste Hindus from low-caste Hindus. This led to religious particularism in the 2nd half of the 19th Century. 

Statement 3 is correct: It gave rise to the communal consciousness along with the national consciousness among the middle class. This led to division of the societies based on religious lines which was visible since 1880’s in British India and ultimately culminated in the partition of India.

Statement 4 is incorrect: It broadly promoted the rationalist and secular outlook in society. These reform movements had an ideological unity based on rationalism, religious universalism, and humanism. Rationalism was brought to judge social relevance. This was one of the positive features of the movement.

Ans: D

Exp:

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Dayananda Saraswati or Mulshankar (1824-1883) was born in the old Morvi state in Gujarat in a brahmin family. The first Arya Samaj unit was formally set up by him at Bombay in 1875. His views were published in his famous work, Satyarth Prakash (The True Exposition). His vision of India included a classless and casteless society, a united India, and an India free from foreign rule, with Aryan religion being the common religion of all. He gave the slogan “Back to the Vedas”.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Syed Ahmed Khan was a loyalist member of the judicial service of the British government. His loyalty earned him a knighthood in 1888. He wanted to reconcile Western scientific education with the teachings of the Quran. Syed’s progressive social ideas were propagated through his magazine Tahdhib-ul-Akhlaq (Improvement of Manners and Morals).

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890), born in Satara, Maharashtra, belonged to the gardener community and organised a powerful movement against upper caste domination and brahminical supremacy. Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873. Phule’s works, Sarvajanik Satyadharma and Gulamgiri, became sources of inspiration for the common masses.

Ans: B

Exp: 

 Ramakrishna Mission (1897): It was established by Swami Vivekananda. It aimed to promote spirituality and service to humanity. It believed that ‘Service to jiva is service to Shiva’.  It’s headquarter is in Belur Math, West Bengal.

Theosophical Society (1875): Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831– 91) and Colonel M.S. Olcott, were inspired by Indian thought and culture and thus founded the Theosophical Society in New York City, United States in 1875. In 1882, they shifted their headquarters to Adyar, on the outskirts of Madras in India. Society believed that a special relationship could be established between a person’s soul and God by contemplation, prayer, revelation, etc. 

Faraizi movement (1818): Faraizis were the followers of a Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in Eastern Bengal. They advocated radical religious, social, and political changes.

Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha(1851): It was formed by a group of English-educated Parsis for the “regeneration of the social conditions of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristine purity”.

Thus, the correct chronological sequence is: 3-4-2-1