Ans: A
Exp: 

Charter Act 1793 renewed the company’s commercial privileges for the next 20 years. It had following provisions:

• Company was empowered to give licences to individuals as well as the company’s employees to trade in India. The licences, known as “privilege” or “country trade”, paved the way for shipments of opium to China.

The Revenue administration was separated from the judiciary functions and this led to dissolution of the Maal Adalat. 

Ans: A

Exp:

The Indian National Congress after it’s formation in 1885 demanded for:

• Lowering of age limit for recruitment in civil services
• Simultaneous examination to be held in India and Britain.

Lord Dufferin, the then Governor general of India set up a committee which came to be known as Aitchison commission which recommended:

• Dropping of the terms ‘covenanted’ and ‘uncovenanted’. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• Raising the age limit to 23. Hence, Option 2 is incorrect.
• Classification of the civil service into Imperial Indian Civil Service , Provincial Civil Service , and Subordinate Civil Service . Hence, Option 3 is incorrect. 
• Holding simultaneous examinations in both India and England was recommended by the Government of India act 1919. Hence, Option 4 is incorrect.

 Ans: B

Exp: 

Pitt’s India Act 1784: In this Act, the company owned territories were called “The British possessions in India”, this was the clear indication that the British Crown had claimed the ownership over the territory acquired by the East India Company in India. Main provisions of the Act were:

• It established a Dual system of Home Government: Board of control & Court of Director.
• It established a board of control, which was to be appointed by the Crown itself. The Board was given the power to superintend, direct and control all kinds of civil, military and revenue affairs of the company;
• This Act also created a department of the British Government in England to exercise its control over the Directors of the Company and the Indian administration;
• Governor’s Councils were established at Madras and Bombay through the establishment of this act.

 Ans: B

Exp: 

Pair 1 is correctly matched: Licensing Regulations, 1823: In 1823, Licensing Regulation Ordinance was brought out by acting Governor-General John Adams. This regulation made operating a press without a licence a punishable offence. The restriction was primarily aimed at Indian-language newspapers or those edited by Indians. This forced Raja Ram Mohan Roy to discontinue his Persian journal ‘Mirat-ul-akbar,’ which he founded in 1822.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: Press Act 1835: In 1835, Governor-General Charles Metcalfe, known as Liberator of Indian Press, ceased the restrictions imposed by the Licensing Regulations Act 1823. Under the new Press Act 1835, the printer/publisher had to give a precise account of the premises of the publication. Metcalfe introduced liberty and equality in the vernacular press in India and declared English & vernacular newspapers as equal in status.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Vernacular Press Act 1878: The Act was proposed by Lytton, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on 14 March 1878. The Act excluded English-language publications as it was meant to control seditious writing in ‘publications in Oriental languages’ everywhere in the country, except for the South. 

Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Indian Press Act 1910: Lord Minto II, the Viceroy of India implemented the Indian Press Act of 1910 on 9th February, Section 12(1) of the Act empowered the Local Governments to issue warrants against any newspaper which contained seditious matters.

Ans: B

Exp:

Government of India Act 1919 also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms clarified that there would be only a gradual development of self-governing institutions in India. Some of the Important provisions of the Act were:

• The Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State and a Legislative Assembly. The provincial legislature was to consist of one house only (legislative council). Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• The Act separated for the first time the provincial and central budgets, with provincial legislatures being authorised to make their own budgets. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• The Act introduced dyarchy in the provinces, which indeed was a substantial step towards transfer of power to the Indian people.Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

The principle of communal representation was extended with separate electorates for Sikhs, Christians, and Anglo-Indians, besides Muslims. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.