Ans: A

Exp: 

The agitation in Benares in 1810 against the house tax imposed by the Colonial government, the Surat riots in 1814 against the salt duty, the rising in Bareilly in 1816 against police tax and municipal taxes, are some examples of Urban movements in which people from lower strata like artisans, petty shopkeepers, and the urban poor fought together with the prosperous urban gentry.

Ans: C

Exp:

The Poligars (or Palayakkarargal) of South India gave a stiff resistance to the British between 1795 and 1805. The problem started in 1781, when the Nawab of Arcot gave the management and control of Tinneveli and the Carnatic Provinces to the East India Company. This arrangement caused resentment among the poligars who had, for long, considered themselves as independent sovereign authorities within their respective territories. The first revolt of the Poligars against the Company was basically over taxation, but had a larger political dimension in that the English considered and treated the Poligars as enemies. Kattabomman Nayakan, the Poligar of Panjalankurichi, led the insurrection between 1795 and 1799. After a fierce battle in which the Company forces were defeated by Veerapandiya Kattabomman, a price was put on the latter’s head. This led to greater rebellion by the Poligars.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The English took hold of Midnapore in 1760 and at that time there were about 3,000 Zamindars and talukdars having cordial relations with their ryots. But this harmonious scenario changed after the introduction of a new land revenue system by the English in 1772. According to the British governor Vansittart, the Zamindars of Midnapore sided with the ryots in case of conflict between the Ryots and the English revenue collecting officials. 

Statement 2 is correct:  The Midnapore and Dalbhum Revolt was centred around the tribal regions of West Bengal. The important leaders of the uprisings were Damodar Singh and Jagannath Dhal.

Ans: C

Exp:

Religious Hindus of the 19th century, considered crossing the seas as loss of caste. In 1856, Lord Canning’s government passed the General Service Enlistment Act which decreed that all future recruits to the Bengal Army would have to give an undertaking to serve anywhere their services might be required by the government. This caused resentment which later culminated into a full blown sepoy mutiny in 1857. So the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 was one of the causes of the 1857 mutiny by the soldiers.

Ans: C

Exp: 

Statement 1 is correct: During the revolt of 1857, Delhi became the centre of the Great Revolt and Bahadur Shah, its symbol. The aged and powerless Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed the Emperor of India.

Statement 2 is correct: The revolt of the sepoys was accompanied by a rebellion of the civil population, particularly in the north-western provinces and Awadh. Their accumulated grievances found immediate expression and they rose all together to vent out their opposition to British rule.

Statement 3 is incorrect: At Kanpur, the natural choice to lead the revolt was Nana Saheb, the adopted son of the last peshwa, Baji Rao II. Nana Saheb expelled the English from Kanpur, proclaimed himself the peshwa, acknowledged Bahadur Shah as the Emperor of India and declared himself to be his governor. Begum Hazrat Mahal took over the reigns at Lucknow where the rebellion broke out on June 4, 1857 and popular sympathy was overwhelmingly in favour of the deposed nawab.

Statement 4 is correct: In Bihar, the revolt was led by Kunwar Singh, the zamindar of Jagdishpur. He unhesitatingly joined the sepoys when they reached Arrah from Dinapore (Danapur).