Ans: A

Exp: 

Statement 1 is incorrect: India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) has been set up as an Independent Business Division within Digital India Corporation, having administrative and financial autonomy to formulate and drive India’s long-term strategies for developing semiconductors and display manufacturing facilities and semiconductor design ecosystem. Envisioned to be led by global experts in the Semiconductor and Display industry, 

Statement 2 is correct: The ISM programme has further been modified in view of the aggressive incentives offered by countries already having an established semiconductor ecosystem and a limited number of companies owning advanced node technologies. The modified programme aims to provide financial support to companies investing in semiconductors, display manufacturing and design ecosystem.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The government has reached out to foreign semiconductor companies and invited them to set up semiconductor and display manufacturing facilities in the country. As a result, India Semiconductor Mission, a Nodal Agency set up for implementation of the programme, has received proposals under all schemes which are currently under consideration.

Ans: C

Exp: 

Statement 1 is incorrect:  LDR is placed normally to the light source so that the angle of incidence of light rays remains constant and normal throughout the experiment.  LDRs are used especially in light or dark sensor circuits. It is used in automatic lighting, street lights, smoke alarms etc. Thus they are not prominently used in car lights, sidelights, and fog lights.

Statement 2 is incorrect: A diode is a two-terminal device. It conducts when forward biased and does not conduct when reverse biased. It does not emit light while conducting. An LED (Light Emitting diode) is also a two-terminal device. It conducts when forward biased and does not conduct when reverse biased. It emits light while conducting. A transistor is a three-terminal device. The terminals represent emitter (E), base (B) and collector (C).

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Semiconductors are materials that have conductivity between conductors and non-conductors or insulators. They can be pure elements (for example- silicon, germanium, etc.) or compounds (for example- gallium arsenide, cadmium selenide, etc.).

Statement 2 is correct: The Conductivity of semiconductors is very poor at room temperature. In order to get a significant amount of conductivity, the temperature of the semiconductor should be increased to a higher value. However, it is practically impossible to use semiconductor devices at very high temperatures (above 50 degrees centigrade). Doping can increase the conductivity of semiconductors by a significant amount even at room temperature and one can use semiconductor devices comfortably at room temperature. Thus, semiconductor materials are doped to increase their conductivity without increasing the temperature.

Ans: D

Exp:

The letters in the word laser stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers produce a very narrow beam of light. This type of light is useful for lots of technologies and instruments, some of which are mentioned below:

• They are used in precision tools and can be cut through diamonds or thick metal. 
• They can also be designed to help in delicate surgeries. 
• They are used for recording and retrieving information. 
• They are used in communications and in carrying TV and internet signals.
• We also find them in laser printers, bar-code scanners, and DVD players.
• They also help to make parts for computers and other electronics.
• They are also used in instruments called spectrometers. Spectrometers can help scientists figure out what things are made of. For example, the Curiosity rover uses a laser spectrometer to see what kinds of chemicals are in certain rocks on Mars.
• NASA missions have used lasers to study the gasses in Earth’s atmosphere. Lasers have also been used in instruments that map the surfaces of planets, moons, and asteroids.
• Scientists have even measured the distance between the moon and Earth using lasers. By measuring the amount of time it takes for a laser beam to travel to the moon and back, astronomers can tell exactly how far away it is.

Thus, laser(technology) is used in all the fields mentioned above.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The National Policy on Electronics 2012 was proposed by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)and approved by the Union Cabinet on October 25th, 2012.

Statement 2 is correct: One of the key objectives of the Policy is to create an eco-system for a globally competitive Electronic System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) sector in the country to achieve a turnover of about USD 400 billion by 2020 involving investment of about USD 100 billion and employment to around 28 million people at various levels.

Statement 3 is correct: The National Policy on Electronics 2019 (NPE 2019) replaced the National Policy on Electronics 2012 (NPE 2012). NPE 2019 envisions positioning India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and Manufacturing – (ESDM) by encouraging and driving capabilities in the country for developing core components, including chipsets, and creating an enabling environment for the industry to compete globally.