Ans: B

Exp :

Iron and steel is a heavy industry. In the production process, the raw materials needed as well as finished goods, are heavy and bulky, requiring heavy transportation costs.

Raw materials used in the steel production process are:

• Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in a ratio of approximately 4: 2: 1. 
• Manganese is required to harden the steel. Hence, statement 1 is correct
• Pig iron is converted to steel by Bessemer process and basic oxygen furnace. In the process the carbon is removed from Iron. Hence, statement 2 is correct
• Steel production using scrap as the primary raw material helps to conserve vital natural resources. According to the steel scrap recycling policy of Ministry of Steel, each tonne of scrap saves 1.1 tonne of iron ore. It cuts water consumption and GHG emissions by 40% and 58%, respectively. Hence, statement 3 is correct
• Bauxite is a raw material used during the aluminium smelting process, it is not needed for the production of steel. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect
• Chromium is critical in the manufacturing of stainless steel. Most stainless steel contains about 18 percent chromium; it is what hardens and toughens steel and increases its resistance to corrosion, especially at high temperatures. Hence, statement 5 is correct

Ans: D

Exp:

The location of industries is influenced by several factors like access to raw materials, power, market, capital, transport and labor, etc. Relative significance of these factors varies with time and place. There is a strong relationship between raw materials and the type of industry. It is economical to locate the manufacturing industries at a place where cost of production and delivery cost of manufactured goods to consumers are the least. Transport costs, to a great extent, depend on the nature of raw materials and manufactured products.

The software technology industry and electronic parks industry have a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom etc. Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India  The major software industry concentration can be found at Bengaluru, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Hyderabad and Pune.

Ans : A

Exp:

Footloose industries are generally spread over a wide variety of places because they are not relying on any specific raw material as they don’t lose weight or otherwise. They can obtain their components for manufacturing from anywhere.

Statement 1 is correct : These industries are environmentally sustainable as they are less polluting and have a small carbon footprint.

Statement 2 is incorrect : By nature and economy of scale, these industries are not large producers and manufacture in small quantities. Also, they employ a very small workforce for their operations as compared to labor-intensive industries.

Statement 3 is correct : Some examples of Footloose industries include diamond, computer chips, Mobile manufacturing, clothing, some hi tech industries etc.

Ans: C

Exp :

Statement 1 is incorrect :Raw materials are very important for the location of iron and steel industries as iron ore and coal are both weight-losing raw materials. Hence it is seen that the development and growth of iron and steel industries are either near coalfields (Bokaro, Durgapur, etc.) or near sources of iron ore (Bhadravati, Bhilai, and Rourkela).

Statement 3 is incorrect : The petroleum refinery is found near the markets because the distribution and transport of crude oil becomes easier and several products derived from them are used as raw material in other industries. Koyali, Mathura and Barauni refineries are typical examples.

Statement 2 and 4 are correct :Power is the basic and essential factor for most of the industries, However, certain industries are majorly located near sources of power : 

• Aluminium Industry
• Synthetic nitrogen manufacturing industries

It is because being a power intensive sector, they need huge quantity of electricity and hence power availability plays a major role for their establishment.

Ans: A

Exp :

Options 1 and 4 are correct: Smokestack Industries: Industries engaged in metal smelting, heavy engineering, chemical manufacture or textile production, often located in large-scale industrial regions and near coal fields. In smokestack industries/regions certain traits are as follows:-

• A high proportion of employment in manufacturing industry. 
• High-density housing, often of inferior type, and poor services. 
• Unattractive environment, for example, pollution, waste heaps, and so on.
• Problems  of unemployment, emigration and derelict land areas, sometimes caused by the closure of  factories

Options 2 and 3 are incorrect: Fabric making and mat weaving are classified as household/cottage or small-scale Industries. In these sectors, artisans use local raw materials and basic tools to produce day-to-day goods and generally utilise family labour for work in their homes. The final products are usually utilised for personal consumption in the same household or,  for sale in local (village) markets.