Ans: A

Exp:

Lord Ripon is called the father of local self-government in India. Some of the important features of Rippon’s resolution of 1882:

• Non-officials were to act as chairpersons to local bodies. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The Government retained strict control, and it could suspend or supersede these bodies at will. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• Official interference was to be reduced to the minimum and to be exercised to revise and check the acts of local bodies, but not to dictate policies.

Ans: C

Exp:

Lee Commission was formed in 1924 to enquire into the association of Indians as well as the development of Civil Services in India.

Some of its major recommendations were: 

• The recruitments for the transferred fields like education and civil medical service were to be made by provincial governments. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• Direct recruitment to ICS based on 50:50 parity between the Europeans and the Indians to be    reached in 15 years. Hence, Statement 2 is correct. 
• A Public Service Commission to be immediately established. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• The Secretary of State should continue to recruit the ICS, the Irrigation branch of the Service of Engineers, the Indian Forest Service, etc. Hence, Statement 4 is incorrect.

solution -: (2 )

Explaination here

Ans: C

Exp:

The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 gave the British government a large measure of control over the Company’s affairs. In fact, the Company became a subordinate department of the State. The Company’s territories in India were termed ‘British possessions’.

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Act established a Board of Control consisting of six commissioners, including two Cabinet ministers. The Board of Control was to guide and control the work of the Court of Directors and the Government of India. They were to control all matters of the civil and military Government of the British territories in India. A secret committee consisting of three Directors was appointed to take the place of the Court of Directors in political and military matters. The Board of Directors existed even before the Pitt’s India Act of 1784.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Act laid the foundation of a centralised administration-a process which reached its climax towards the close of the nineteenth century. Parliament’s control over the East India Company was tightened, a trend which remained conspicuous till the Crown directly took over the Government of India in 1858.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 initiated the process of decentralisation in British India. The act restored legislative powers to the Bombay and Madras provinces and empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances.

Ans: C

Exp:

Option 1 is correct: In 1882, the Government appointed a Commission under the Chairmanship of W.W. Hunter to review the progress of education in the country. The Hunter Commission mostly confined its recommendations to primary and secondary education. 

Option 2 is correct: The Hartog Committee was set up by the Simon Commission as an auxiliary committee under the chairmanship of Phillip Hartog to prepare a report on education.

Option 3 is incorrect: The Lee Commission was appointed in 1923 to look into the organisation and general conditions of service as well as the methods of recruitment for Europeans and Indians in the civil services.

Option 4  is correct: In 1902, the Raleigh Commission was set up to go into the conditions and prospects of universities in India and to suggest measures for improvement in their constitution and working. The commission was precluded from reporting on primary or secondary education. Based on its recommendations, the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904.