Ans: B

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Supreme Court Legal Services Committee, has been constituted under Section 3A of the Legal Service Authorities Act, 1987, for providing free and competent Legal Services to the weaker sections of the Society in the cases which fall under the jurisdiction of Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. The Committee consists of : A sitting Judge of Hon’ble Supreme Court, who is the Chairman and 9 members nominated by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India.

• Statement 2 is correct: As per Article 39-A of the Indian Constitution (DPSP), the State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. Supreme Court Legal Services Committee, is an effort to provide legal aid and assistance to the marginalized and weaker sections of the Society.
• Statement 3 is correct: Large number of India’s population cannot afford to approach the Hon’ble Supreme Court for justice. With a purpose of providing free legal aid to the persons (eligible under Section 12 of Legal Service Authorities Act, 1987), Supreme Court Legal Services Committee was constituted, to approach Hon’ble Supreme Court.

  Ans: D

 Exp:

• Option D is correct: Tribunals were not part of the original constitution, it was incorporated in the Indian Constitution by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. 

Article 323-A deals with Administrative Tribunals and contemplates establishment of Tribunals for public service matters only . While Tribunals under Article 323A can be established only by the Parliament, Tribunals under Article 323B can be established both by the Parliament and State Legislature with respect to matters falling within their legislative competence. 

Article 323-B deals with tribunals for other matters: Under Article 323 B, the Parliament and the state legislatures are authorized to provide for the establishment of tribunals for the adjudication of disputes relating to the following matters: Taxation, Foreign exchange, import and export, Industrial and labor disputes, Land reforms, Ceiling on urban property, Elections to Parliament and state legislatures, Food stuff, Rent and tenancy rights etc.

Ans: C

Exp:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Setting up of Family Courts and its functioning lies within the domain of the State Government in consultation with their respective High Courts. The Family Courts Act, 1984 provides for the establishment of Family Courts by the State Governments in consultation with the High Courts to promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to marriage and family affairs. 
• Statement 2 is correct: As per the Act, it is mandatory for the State Government to set up a Family Court for every city or a town whose population exceeds one million. In other areas of the States, the Family Courts may be set up if the State Governments deems it necessary. 
• Statement 3 is correct: The rules of evidence and procedure are simplified so that a dispute is dealt with effectively. Only one right of appeal is provided which is to the High Court. During the conciliation stage, it provides for the association of social welfare agencies, counselors, and so on, as well as the service of medical and welfare experts.

The parties to a dispute before a Family Court are not entitled to be represented by a legal practitioner as a matter of right. However, in the interest of justice, the Court may seek the assistance of a legal expert as an amicus curiae.

Ans: A

Exp:

• Statement 1 is correct: The Constitution of India under Article 214 provides for a high court for each state. The Seventh Amendment Act,1956 authorized the Parliament to establish a common high court for two or more states and union Territories.

• Statement 2 is correct:  Only Parliament and not the state legislature have the power to extend territorial jurisdiction of High courts.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Strength (total number of judges) of HC is decided by the President and that of the Supreme Court is decided by the Parliament.

Ans: A

Exp:

The Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction in the following federal disputes such as:

• any dispute between the Centre and one or more states; or
• between the Centre and any state or states on one side and one or more other states on the other side; 
• or between two or more states. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

Further, this jurisdiction of the Supreme Court does not extend to: 

• Inter-state water disputes, Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect. 
• Matters referred to the Finance Commission, Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect. 

Recovery of damages by a state against the Centre. Hence, Statement 4 is incorrect.