Ans: D

Exp:

The warm temperate eastern margins are one of the most productive parts of the middle latitudes. There is adequate rainfall, no prolonged drought, and the cold season is warm enough for most crops to survive. Thus the growing season is almost continuous, though summer is the busiest part of the farming year. Rice, tea and mulberries are grown in monsoon China.

Ans: B

Exp:

The earth receives the terrestrial radiations from the sun in form of short waves. This is called as Insolation. The earth, after being heated by insolation transmits the heat to the atmospheric layers near to the earth in long wave form. The air in contact with the land gets heated slowly and the upper layers in contact with the lower layers also get heated. This process is called conduction. Conduction takes place when two bodies of unequal temperature are in contact with one another, there is a flow of energy from the warmer to cooler body. The transfer of heat continues until both the bodies attain the same temperature or the contact is broken. Conduction is important in heating the lower layers of the atmosphere.

Ans: D

Exp:

The temperature at any location is affected by several factors:

• Latitude 
• Altitude
• Proximity to the sea, air mass circulation
• The presence of warm and cold ocean currents, and 
• Local characteristics Ex: Topography- mountain, lakes etc.

Latitude plays a crucial role in determining temperature as it influences the amount of incoming solar radiation. The variation in insolation with latitude results in temperature variations.

Altitude indirectly affects temperature through terrestrial radiation. Places at higher elevations experience lower temperatures as the atmosphere is heated less by terrestrial radiation. The normal lapse rate, indicating the rate of temperature decrease with height, is 6.5°C per 1,000 m.

The distance from the sea also impacts temperature. Land heats up and cools down quickly, leading to greater temperature variations compared to the slower-heating and slower-cooling sea. Areas near the sea are moderated by sea and land breezes, resulting in less temperature variation.

Air masses and ocean currents are additional factors influencing temperature. Places under the influence of warm air masses experience higher temperatures, while those affected by cold air masses have lower temperatures. Coastal areas with warm ocean currents generally have higher temperatures than those with cold currents.

Local topography like mountain, water bodies, vegetation impact the temperature of the place in significant ways.

Ans : A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Carbon dioxide is meteorologically a very important gas as it is transparent to the incoming solar radiation but opaque to the outgoing terrestrial radiation. It absorbs a part of terrestrial radiation and reflects back some part of it towards the earth’s surface. It is largely responsible for the green house effect. The volume of other gases is constant but the volume of carbon dioxide has been rising in the past few decades mainly because of the burning of fossil fuels. This has also increased the temperature of the air.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Atmosphere has a sufficient capacity to keep small solid particles, which may originate from different sources and include sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of meteors. Dust particles are generally concentrated in the lower layers of the atmosphere; yet, convectional air currents may transport them to great heights. The higher concentration of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions due to dry winds in comparison to equatorial and polar regions. Dust and salt particles act as hygroscopic nuclei around which water vapour condenses to produce clouds.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The ionosphere is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause. It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is known as ionosphere. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer. Temperature here starts increasing with height.

Ans : B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The systems developing in the mid and high latitude, beyond the tropics are called the middle latitude or extra tropical cyclones. The passage of front causes abrupt changes in the weather conditions over the area in the middle and high latitudes.

Statement 2 is correct: When two different air masses meet, the boundary zone between them is called a front. Extra tropical cyclones form along the polar front. Initially, the front is stationary. In the northern hemisphere, warm air blows from the south and cold air from the north of the front. When the pressure drops along the front, the warm air moves northwards and the cold air move towards, south setting in motion an anticlockwise cyclonic circulation. The cyclonic circulation leads to a well developed extra tropical cyclone, with a warm front and a cold front.The extra tropical cyclones have a clear frontal system which is not present in the tropical cyclones.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The extra tropical cyclones move from west to east but tropical cyclones, move from east to west.

Other differences between tropical and extra tropical cyclones are:

• Extra tropical cyclones cover a larger area and can originate over the land and sea. Whereas the tropical cyclones originate only over the seas and on reaching the land they dissipate.
• The extra tropical cyclone affects a much larger area as compared to the tropical cyclone.
• The wind velocity in a tropical cyclone is much higher and it is more destructive.