Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect:.Buland Darwaza, or the loft gateway at Fatehpur Sikri, was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601. Akbar built the Buland Darwaza to commemorate his victory over the ruler of Gujarat, Muzaffar Shah.

Statement 2 is correct: Akbar’s empire was divided into subas (provinces), governed by a subadar who carried out both political and military functions. Each subah had officials – diwan, bakshi, sadr, qazi etc. There were certain other divisions of the empire – Jagir (allotted to nobles and members of royal family), Khalisa (tract reserved for royal exchequer), and Inam (given to religious leaders, half of it was uncultivated).

Ans: C

Exp:

Taxes imposed on the agricultural output of the peasantry served as the Mughal emperors’ primary revenue source. The majority of the time, headmen or other local chieftains served as the peasants’ conduit for paying taxes to the rural aristocracy. Whether they were regional headmen of villages or strong chieftains, the Mughals referred to all middlemen as zamindars. Todar Mal, Akbar’s minister of revenue, carefully examined the yields, costs, and regions cultivated over a ten-year period, 1570–1580. This information was used to determine the tax on each crop in the form of cash. A schedule of revenue rates for various crops was established for each of the provinces’ revenue circles. The name of this land revenue assessment scheme was ‘Zabt’. It was prevalent in those regions where the Mughal administration could easily survey the lands and maintain proper accounts.

Ans: C

Exp:

Chief features of Akbar’s religious policy

• Akbar abolished jizya, pilgrimage tax and forcible conversion of prisoners of wars. Hence, statement 1 is correct 
• Akbar was convinced that religious bigots over emphasize ritual and dogma. Thus, he advocated the idea of sulh-i kul or “universal peace’’ idea of tolerance which did not discriminate between the people of different religions. Abul Fazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of sulh-i kul. This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• In 1582, he promulgated a new religion called “Din-e-Ilahi” or Divine Faith. It believes in one God. It contained the good points of all religions. It had only fifteen followers including Birbal. Akbar did not compel anyone to his new faith.
• He got the ibadat khana constructed (House of Worship) at Fatehpur sikri for religious discussion. Hence, statement 4 is correct 
• Jharoka Darshan was introduced by Akbar with the objective of broadening the acceptance of imperial authority as part of popular faith.

It was Mughal emperor Aurangzeb who discontinued the celebration of Dussehra and Navroz and royal astronomers and astrologers were also dismissed from service. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect 

Ans: B

Exp:

Jahangir’s administration was quite successful similar to his father, as he mostly followed all the policies which were there in Akbar’s time. In his memoirs, Jahangir mentioned his twelve ordinances which he issued after his accession, to be observed by his people throughout his territories. 

1. 1. He prohibited the imposition of taxes known as Tamgha and Mir Bahri as well as all other levies that the Jagirdars used to collect in each Subah for their own gain.
   2. He instructed the Jagirdars of their community to construct Sarais or mosques along the route because theft and robbery were quite rampant on highways. Additionally, they were told to dig wells to aid in the development of agriculture and human habitation. The government was tasked with carrying out all measures for the benefit of the populace in the event that these remote places were located close to Khalsa territory.
   3. The dead person’s property was subject to free inheritance. If a person passed away without a named heir, a government official was appointed to manage his estate and dispose of it in accordance with Islamic law for the benefit of the populace. It was against the law for government representatives to open the merchants’ bundles without authorization.

• Jahangir, following in his father’s footsteps, forbade the slaughter of animals on Thursday, the day of his accession, and on Sunday, his father’s birthday.

• Like his father, Jahangir commanded his followers to honour Sunday, the creation day. On this day, animal killing was prohibited. Hence, option a is correct.

1. 1. He prohibited the use of alcohol of any kind, including wine, despite his own daily consumption of wine. Hence, option c is correct 
   2. No one was allowed to live in anyone else’s home without that person’s permission. Jahangir’s rule also forbade the cutting off of limbs.
   3. It was forbidden for Jagirdars and government land officers to seize the people’s lands for their personal agricultural use.

• In order to treat the sick, hospitals were mandated to be erected in major cities, and effective doctors were appointed to these institutions. Hence, option d is correct 

1. He verified the Mansabs and Jagirs that his father had issued. The competent and effective mansabdars received promotions.
2. All around the empire, the Aims or Madad-ma-Aash territories had to be confirmed. An effective Sayyid was appointed Sadra, and his duties included taking care of the underprivileged and destitute.
3. The release of all convicts who had been imprisoned for a long time was ordered.

Jahangir’s laws demonstrated his desire to control the populace in a suitable manner in order to establish his legitimacy as a benevolent monarch who cared deeply about his citizens.

The Dahsala system of revenue assessment was introduced by Akbar during his reign. Hence, option b is incorrect

Ans: A

Exp:

Pietra Dura, or the skill of carving the stone, is the name of a method of setting semi-precious stones in marble. The Florentines invented one of the most difficult skills around the end of the 16th century. It began in Italy and eventually spread to Afghanistan, Europe, India, and Pakistan. It was Mughal emperor Jahangir who started decorating walls with floral designs made of semi-precious stones (Pietra Dura) during his reign. This art reached its zenith during the era of Shahjahan.