Ans: A

Exp:

 Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Indian Mirror was started by Maharshi Devendranath Tagore in 1862 in Calcutta and later on in 1863, it was edited by Narendra Nath Sen. Initially it was a fortnightly paper and later on converted into a daily paper by Keshab Chandra Sen.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Bangadarshan was a Bengali Magazine edited by Bankim Chandra Chatterji. This Magazine had a significant influence on the emergence of Bengali Identity and the genesis of Nationalism in India.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The first issue of Free Hindustan was described as “ an organ of freedom, and of political, social, and economic reforms”. It was started by Tarak Nath Das. This magazine helped organise mass meetings and protests against the British government in Vancouver, Canada.

Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Bandi Jivan (A Life of Captivity) is an autobiographical account written by Sachindranath Sanyal.  This magazine deals with the revolutionary activities of Sachindra Nath over the course of his political career, as well as his spells in prison.

Ans: C

Exp:

 Statement 1 is incorrect:  The Indian National Movement witnessed the proliferation of newspapers, and the liberation struggle spread to the country’s distant villages, rather than only cities and towns. These publications were not formed to make a profit, but rather to provide national and public service.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The newspapers had a considerable readership and sparked a library movement. Government acts and policies were scrutinised in these publications. They served as an opposition institution to the British government.

Statement 3 is correct: The Indian newspapers criticised the government’s policies. The national movement advocated for press freedom since its inception. The Indian press was harshly critical of Lord Lytton’s administration, particularly its inhumane treatment of famine victims in 1876-77. The government retaliated with the Vernacular Press Act of 1878.

Ans: D

Exp: 

Since its inception, East India Company took no interest in promoting education in India barring a few exceptions like Calcutta Madrasa, Sanskrit College and The Famous Fort William College.

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: The Calcutta Madrasa was established by Warren Hastings in 1781 to study Muslim law and related subjects.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Sanskrit College was established by Jonathan Duncan at Benaras in 1791 to study Hindu law and philosophy.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Fort William College was set up by Wellesley in 1800 to train Civil Servants of the Company in languages and customs of Indians (closed in 1802). 

The Calcutta Madrasah and the Sanskrit College were designed to provide a regular supply of qualified Indians to help the administration of law in the Company’s court, and the knowledge of classical languages and vernaculars was useful in correspondence with Indian states.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Despatch recommended English as the medium of instruction for higher studies and vernaculars at school level.

Statement 2 is correct: The Despatch stated that the government should assume direct responsibility for the education of the masses.

Statement 3 is correct: The Despatch emphasised the importance of vocational instruction and the need for establishing technical schools and colleges. It also recommended Teachers’ Training Institutions on the model prevalent in England. It also emphasised the importance of female education.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The Despatch rejected the Downward Filtration Theory, as it was considered a retrograde policy.  

The downward filtration theory directs that education should be provided to a small portion of the people, and through them, education will spread amongst the masses.

Ans: B

Exp: 

A flood commission ( named Floud Commission) was set up after the Bengal floods. Following the commission’s recommendations, the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha called for their implementation through mass struggle. The Flood Commission recommended tebhaga—two-thirds’ share—to the bargardars, the sharecroppers also known as bagchasi or adhyar, instead of the one-half share. The bargardars worked on lands rented from the jotedars. The central slogan was “nij khamare dhan tolo”—i.e. in order to enforce tebhaga, sharecroppers took the paddy to their own threshing floor rather than the jotedar’s residence. The storm centre of the movement was north Bengal, principally among Rajbanshis—a low caste of tribal origin. Muslims also participated in large numbers. The movement dissipated soon, because of the League ministry’s sop of the Bargardari Bill, an intensified repression, the popularisation of the Hindu Mahasabha’s agitation for a separate Bengal and renewed riots in Calcutta which ended the prospects of sympathetic support from the urban sections.