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Mar 11 2023

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Belated but essential

March 11, 2023

Context:

The Finance Ministry’s March 7 notification placed all transactions involving virtual digital assets under the purview of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).

International body for Money Laundering:

  • The intergovernmental Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog.
  • It has been continuously flagging the potential that virtual digital assets have for criminal misuse considering the speed and anonymity with which they can be traded worldwide. 

The Need for Regulation of Virtual Digital Assets

  • To formulate an appropriate regulatory response to deal with the pandemic-era upsurge in advertisements soliciting investment in virtual assets as well as reports of actual investment. 
  • The volume of trade in unregulated virtual assets has grown sizeably in recent years. 
  • The Enforcement Directorate was ‘investigating several cases related to cryptocurrency frauds wherein a few crypto exchanges had been found involved in money laundering’. 

Benefits of decision taken:

  • Lays the onus of ascertaining the provenance of all activity, including safekeeping, in such assets upon individuals and businesses participating in or facilitating these transactions.

Way Forward:

While the Centre’s decision to add the PMLA monitoring requirements, the RBI’s consistent advocacy for a ban needs to be seriously weighed before any decision is taken on the fate of the long-delayed draft legislation on virtual assets.

News Source: The Hindu

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Integrate women cops as leaders in the police force

March 11, 2023

Context:

Gender empowerment has been a popular theme in India and some tangible policy decisions have indeed been made. Increasing representation of women in uniform services is one such initiative.

What are the issues faced by women in uniform?

  • High Crime Rate and Low Conviction: Crime against women is very high with an abysmal rate of conviction. Public spaces are still unsafe, especially after dark. 
    • Thus, it adversely affects their working hours and employment avenues.
  • Absence of In-Service Training: In most states, there is absence of in-service training after their induction. 
  • Lack of Cooperation from Male Colleagues: Women officers do not receive the required cooperation from male colleagues.
  • Hostility towards Pregnant Women Police Officers: Another concern is the hostility faced by women police officers during pregnancy and post their maternity leave.

Way forward to improve the situation of women in uniform services:

  • Leadership Commitment: Policy alone is not sufficient to strengthen the position of women in uniform. There has to be commitment from the field-level leadership too.
  • Keeping Up with the Law: Local law colleges and universities can be approached to understand the latest amendments and provisions of law.
  • Sensitization of Male Colleagues: It is important to sensitise men on women in police stations and the need to respect them as professional colleagues instead of resenting their presence.
  • Inclusivity in Police Stations: The concept of All Women Police Stations needs relook. There is a need for inclusive police stations where complainants, irrespective of gender, will get prompt redressal of their grievances.
  • Supporting Women during Menstruation and Child-bearing Stages: Menstruation and child-bearing stages in a woman’s career should be accepted and the department should construct rest rooms, changing rooms and creches for them.

News Source: Indian Express

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Internal Migration in India

March 11, 2023

Context:

Recently, a fake video was found in Tamil Nadu that showed images of locals beating up migrant workers. The issue once again stirred the debates on issues of Internal Migration in India.

What is Internal Migration? 

  • Migration is the geographic movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new permanent or semi-permanent residence. 
  • The terms “immigration” and “emigration” are used to refer to moves between countries (international migration). 

Constitutional Provisions:

  • Migration within the country for work is a fundamental right of a citizen as upheld by Article 19 of the Constitution of India. 
  • The fundamental rights further prohibit human trafficking and guarantee freedom from discrimination based on place of birth, equal opportunities for employment, and protection from forced as well as child labour.  
  • Interstate migration comes under the seventh schedule of the Constitution, List I (Union List), entrusting the authority to the central government.

Status of Internal Migration in India:

  • According to the 2011 Census, 99% of total migration was internal and immigrants (international migrants).
  • In 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation stated that 17 districts accounted for the top 25% of India’s total male out-migration.
  • According to the Economic Survey of 2022-23, Tamil Nadu has the highest number of interstate migrants engaged in factories in India. States like Jharkhand and Bihar are amongst the lowest. 

Benefits of Internal Migration in India:

  1. Match labour demand and supply
  2. Availability of cheap labour
  3. Due to internal migration, wages in rural areas increase.
  4. Help the economy reap the demographic dividend when quality jobs, adequate healthcare and nutrition and universal social protection are provided. 
  5. Circular migration or repeat migrants are the backbone of our economy and contribute at least 10% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP).  
  6. Improve Quality of Life
  7. Social Remittances: Migration makes migrants’ social lives better because they learn about new cultures, customs, and languages, which helps people get along better with each other and makes sure that people are more equal and tolerant. 
  8. Help India reach Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG-8) which will “Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.” 

Challenges faced by Internal migrants:

  1. Lack of social security and health benefits.
  2. Lack of access to affordable housing and basic amenities.
  3. Exclusion from Political Rights.
  4. Language, food and other cultural barriers
  5. Exploitation, discrimination and non-payment of wage
  6. Sexual abuse and gender violence.
  7. Trafficking and bonded labour
  8. Health hazards, accidents and deaths

Challenges in addressing internal labour migration issues in India:

  • No policy framework: There is a lack of a policy framework for the inclusion of internal migrant workers in India. 
  • Invisible workers: Migrant workers are not covered by protective law since India has not ratified the International Labour Organization’s Domestic Workers Convention, 2011. 
  • Little to no emphasis on migration: A latest report observes that there has been little to no emphasis on migration within the country. 

Way Forward:

  • There is a need to bring together different sectors.
  • Streamlining recruitments should be focused to eliminate occupational vulnerability and strive towards humane working conditions in the various sectors. 
  • Need to introduce outreach methods to provide information, education and communication support to migrant workers. 
  • Need to create separate management bodies for interstate migration.
  • The other necessary reforms include a) Ensuring financial inclusion for the migrants, b) Moving towards a universal social protection system; c) Guaranteeing dignified, safe and healthy living and working conditions.

News Source: Indian Express

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 Final Result – CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2023.   Udaan-Prelims Wallah ( Static ) booklets 2024 released both in english and hindi : Download from Here!     Download UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers PDF  Free Initiative links -1) Download Prahaar 3.0 for Mains Current Affairs PDF both in English and Hindi 2) Daily Main Answer Writing  , 3) Daily Current Affairs , Editorial Analysis and quiz ,  4) PDF Downloads  UPSC Prelims 2023 Trend Analysis cut-off and answer key
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