The recent summit between the U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Anchorage, Alaska, marked a critical diplomatic effort concerning the ongoing Ukraine war. 

Significance of Stability between US and Russia

• A stable and predictable relationship between the U.S. and Russia, coupled with the prospect of a new arms control pact, is vital not just for Eastern European stability but for broader global peace. 
• Rebuilding Russo-American ties, however, remains impossible without peace in Ukraine. 
• All parties involved publicly commit to peace, yet they sharply disagree on the method of achieving it.

Divergent Approaches to Peace in Ukraine

• Ukraine and European partners: Demand an immediate ceasefire as the first step toward ending hostilities. 
  • They view it as urgent to stop further civilian and military losses.
  • Ukraine has steadfastly declared that it will not concede land for peace, a position fully supported by its European partners
• Russia’s stance: Rejects ceasefire proposals, pushing instead for a comprehensive peace agreement.
  • Seeks to address the so-called “root causes” of the conflict, including NATO and EU expansion.
  • Putin’s primary objective is to “freeze the war” and secure a comprehensive peace agreement rather than a mere ceasefire.
  • Russia fears a ceasefire would allow Ukraine and allies time to re-arm.
• Trump’s position: While reiterating calls for peace, he signaled alignment with Russia’s preference for a direct peace agreement rather than a temporary ceasefire.

Summit Outcomes and the Diplomatic Opening

• The summit did not yield an immediate breakthrough but created a diplomatic channel for potential conflict resolution.
• Trump stated that he and Putin agreed on “many points” and later consulted European, NATO, and Ukrainian leaders.
• Ukrainian President Zelenskyy is expected to visit the White House to discuss Putin’s proposals.
• Trump emphasized it is now “up to Zelenskyy” to strike a deal with Russia, which he described as “a very big power.”

Russia’s Core Demands for Peace

• Recognition of Annexed Territories: Ukraine must recognise the territories Russia has annexed, specifically the Donbas region (Donetsk and Luhansk). Russia maintains these regions are now part of its territory, citing a referendum-like mechanism in 2022.
• Ukraine’s Neutrality: Ukraine must remain neutral, refraining from joining alliances like NATO or the EU, which Russia perceives as a threat.
• Demilitarisation of Ukraine: Ukraine must undergo demilitarisation, reducing the significant military deployment by Europe and the U.S. within its borders.
  • Putin has expressed openness to freezing the war along the frontlines in the south (Zaporizhzhia and Kherson), provided Russia retains full control of Donbas. 
  • A settlement could also entail Russian withdrawal in the northeast (Kharkiv) if these conditions are met. 

Conclusion

The challenge is to sustain the talks aimed at narrowing the differences further to reach a workable compromise. 

• Peace would prevail in Eastern Europe only if Ukraine’s security concerns are addressed and it is provided with credible assurances that Russia would not invade it again.

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