An Unforgettable Presidency

GS Paper II International Relations

Context:

The capability of India to convene and facilitate consensus at the G20 summit has established a precedent that is hard to match.

G-20 Outcomes:

About G-20:

It is an intergovernmental forum consisting of 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).
Its primary focus is on addressing global economic issues, including international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.
It comprises 80% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and 2/3rd of the world’s population.
The G20 was established in 1999 in response to various global economic crises.

Africa officially joined the G20 organization as a member starting this year.The New Delhi Leaders Declaration has been endorsed by the heads of state, highlighting a commitment to prioritize Inclusive Growth.
The proposal for an India-Middle East-Europe-Corridor has been approved by the leaders of these nations.
Member countries have established the Global Biofuel Alliance, focusing on the increased utilization of biofuels.

India’s performance at the G20 summit and its Global implications:

India’s Diplomatic Prowess:
- India’s remarkable ability to convene and generate consensus at the G20 summit.
- A comparison with China’s emergence through the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.
- Acknowledgment of China’s likely reservations about India’s rise.

African Union (AU):

It comprises 55 member states situated in Africa.
The AU originated from the Sirte Declaration in Libya on 9 September 1999, with the goal of establishing a continental union.
Formally founded on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the AU was officially launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa.
Its creation aimed to replace the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
The African Union Commission, the AU’s secretariat, is headquartered in Addis Ababa..
The African Union includes official bodies such as the Peace and Security Council and the Pan-African Parliament.

Showcasing Indian Diversity:
- The summit and associated events brought the diversity and cultural richness of India to the forefront, enhancing the country’s soft power and international image.
Positioning as an Alternative to China:
- Proposing an economic corridor connecting Europe, the Middle East, and India.
- Countering China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
Emphasizing India’s commitment to core values:
- Theme of India’s presidency: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth, One Family, One Future).
- Pledges for sustainable practices and addressing global challenges.
Global South as an Alternative Vision:
- India emerged as a voice for an alternative vision, advocating for the inclusion of the African Union in the G20 and promoting its successful financial inclusion model (Indian Stack and the JAM Trinit) for the benefit of much of the world.