Indian Scientific Service (ISS): Institutionalising Scientific Expertise in Governance

The proposal for establishing a dedicated Indian Scientific Service (ISS) seeks to institutionalise scientific expertise within governance.

Historical Context and Need for Reform

• Post-1947 “Steel Frame”: After Independence, India retained the British-era civil services, which Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel famously described as the “steel frame” of India, to ensure national unity, administrative continuity, and institutional stability.
• Generalist Model: Generalist administration was well-suited to early nation-building, in which officers handled diverse portfolios.
• Contemporary Challenges: Emerging issues such as climate change, artificial intelligence, cyber security, and pandemics require specialised technical expertise beyond the scope of traditional generalist administration.

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Current Governance Paradox

• Institutional Constraint: Government scientists remain governed by general civil service rules, yet often lack commensurate decision-making authority in technical domains.
• Cultural Mismatch: Bureaucratic systems emphasise hierarchy and procedural discipline, whereas scientific practice relies on questioning, evidence-based reasoning, and open dissent.
• Limited Policy Influence: In several institutions, scientific advice is advisory and non-binding, reducing experts to consultative rather than decision-making roles.

Reactive vs Proactive Use of Science
Reactive Approach: Scientific input is frequently mobilised after crises, such as during environmental disasters or public health emergencies.
Need for Anticipatory Governance : Scientists should be institutionally embedded at the policy formulation stage to ensure long-term, evidence-based and risk-informed decision-making.

Proposed Indian Scientific Service (ISS) Framework

• New All-India Service: Establishment of ISS alongside existing services such as Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Foreign Service.
• Specialised Selection: Recruitment through peer evaluation of research credentials and domain expertise rather than a generalist competitive examination.
• Complementary Governance Model: Administrators to focus on coordination and execution, while ISS officers provide technical assessment, evidence and long-term risk analysis.

Global Best Practices

• Dedicated Scientific Cadres: Countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan have institutionalised scientific services within government.
• Scientific Integrity Frameworks: In the United States, Scientific Integrity Policies protect researchers from political interference and mandate transparency in documenting scientific advice.

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Conclusion

As India advances toward technologically intensive governance, durable institutional reform is required rather than ad hoc advisory committees.

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