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Understanding the interplay of public health crises, surveillance, and governance is vital for tackling modern challenges. The 1896 Bombay Plague illustrates how tools like mapping, policing, and control informed public health strategies, offering valuable lessons for today.
The 1896–97 Bombay Plague was a catastrophic event in colonial India, originating in Bombay through trade routes with the Far East.
The colonial government established the Indian Plague Commission in 1898, chaired by T.R. Fraser, to investigate the epidemic. The Commission conducted extensive research and produced a detailed report.
Note: The 22nd Law Commission of India, in its comprehensive review of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, observed that the “unbridled and incongruous powers of the State” under colonial rule led to misuse of power instead of effective disease control. Modern times have seen a shift toward medical professionals assuming surveillance roles, reflecting evolving public health strategies and ethical considerations regarding the appropriate functions of police versus medical personnel. |
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The historical use of surveillance and policing during the Bombay Plague offers valuable insights into modern public health policy and the evolution of surveillance systems.
Today, it is essential to develop public health policies that respect individual rights, promote transparency, and foster trust between governments and communities. Learning from the past, we can create systems that are not only effective but also equitable, ensuring that the health needs of all people are met without reinforcing harmful power dynamics.
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