Food safety has emerged as a major public health concern in India, especially as informal food markets expand without adequate oversight. 

Problem of Informal Food Contamination

• Rising Concerns: Indian street food is culturally iconic, but questions about its safety are increasing.
• Shocking Hygiene Violations: A July 2024 raid on 58 pani puri vendors in Chennai revealed the use of contaminated water and extremely poor hygiene practices, including direct hand contact with chutneys.
• Regulatory Difficulty: The informal food sector employs millions of vendors without proper records, making regulation, inspections, and accountability extremely difficult.
• Limitations of FSSAI: The FSSAI, created under the 2006 Act, sets national standards but cannot physically test or monitor every informal food outlet across India.

Reasons For Packaged Food To Appear Safer

• Traceability and Accountability: Faulty packaged food can be traced to its manufacturing source, compelling companies to uphold standards under risk of penalties or license cancellation, whereas street food lacks traceability.
• Advanced Processing Technology: Techniques like pasteurisation kill harmful microbes and extend shelf life, ensuring microbial safety.
• Transparency Through Labelling: Packaged foods must declare ingredients, allergens, and expiry dates, enabling informed consumer choices.
• Fortification to Address Hidden Hunger: The industry often adds essential vitamins and minerals to tackle micronutrient deficiencies.

Health Risks from Informal Food Sources

• High Burden of Food-Borne Illnesses: An Observer Research Foundation (ORF) report finds that nearly 10 crore Indians suffer from food-borne illnesses annually, causing about 1 lakh deaths mostly linked to informal food sources.
• Dangers of Reused Oil: Street vendors frequently reuse oil to save money, producing trans fats and free radicals known to increase cancer risk.
• Non-Compliance with FSSAI Oil Standard: FSSAI requires disposal of oil when Total Polar Compounds exceed 25%, but this is rarely monitored on the street.
• Poor-Quality Ingredients: Cheap and adulterated inputs commonly used by vendors cause frequent stomach and gastrointestinal diseases.
• Chronic Under-reporting: Most cases are never recorded because people simply medicate and return to work without identifying the contaminated food source.

Government Initiatives For Food Safety

• Eat Right India Movement: A nationwide campaign promoting scientifically informed and healthy eating behaviours.
• Clean Street Food Hub Scheme: The government identifies major street food clusters, upgrades hygiene infrastructure, and certifies them after meeting standards.

Check Out UPSC CSE Books

Visit PW Store

Way Forward

• Systematic Corrections: Given their vast numbers and economic vulnerability, banning vendors is impossible; instead, systemic corrections are needed for public health and India’s global image.
• Training Initiatives: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) , along with municipal bodies has begun training vendors on hygiene, storage, and safe handling practices.

Conclusion

Emotional attachment to street food is understandable, but public health must remain the priority. India must steer its street food ecosystem from sentiment-driven practices toward a structured, science-based, and hygienic model to ensure safety for all.

DOWNLOAD PDF