The United Nations, at 80, is a work in progress, with a vital role in global affairs.

UN At Crossroads In The Current Scenario

• Formation: The UN was founded in 1945 after the devastation of World War II.
  • Fifty nations met in San Francisco to create the UN, learning from the failure of the League of Nations, with the aim of preventing future wars.
• Shift in Global Order: From a bipolar (USA vs USSR) to a multipolar world with major powers like USA, China, Russia, EU, India, and Japan.
• Emerging Global Challenges: Climate change, cyber warfare, pandemics, and terrorism demand strong multilateral cooperation.
• Rising Nationalism: Growing skepticism toward international institutions challenges the UN’s effectiveness.

Failures of UN

• Rwandan Genocide (1994): Over 8 lakh people killed in 100 days; UN peacekeepers were unable to intervene due to Security Council inaction.
• Srebrenica Massacre (1995): 8,000 Muslims killed despite the area being a declared “safe zone” with Dutch UN peacekeepers present.

Successes of UN

• Namibia’s Independence (1990): UN successfully managed the transition from South African rule.
• East Timor (1999): UN stabilized the country post-separation from Indonesia, helping establish governance and peace.

The Core Problem- UNSC Dysfunction

• P5 Dominance: UNSC is controlled by five permanent members with veto powers.
• Veto Misuse: P5 often blocks resolutions serving national interests (e.g., Russia–Ukraine, US–Israel/Palestine).
• Structural Obsolescence: Council reflects 1945 power structures; regions like Africa, South America, and India lack permanent representation.

Reasons For the Significance of UN Beyond the UNSC

• Humanitarian Agencies:
  • WFP: The World Food Programme (WFP) feeds millions in conflict zones and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020.
  • UNHCR: It protects refugees, including those affected by conflicts in Syria and Ukraine.
    UNICEF:  supports child health, nutrition, and education around the world.
• Peacekeeping: The UN Blue Helmets help stabilize fragile states such as Cyprus, Congo, and Lebanon.
• Convening Power: The General Assembly provides a platform for dialogue between hostile nations and facilitates international cooperation.
• Normative Influence:
  • UDHR (1948): The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948) has influenced the constitutions of many countries.
  • Gender Equality: The UN has championed global gender equality as a key part of its agenda.
  • SDGs (2015): The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2015) set 17 global targets addressing poverty, hunger, climate change, and overall development.

India’s Vision

• Strategic Autonomy and Multi-Alignment: India’s foreign policy is guided by strategic autonomy and multi-alignment, with active engagement in forums such as QUAD, BRICS, and SCO.
• Multipolar World Order: India seeks to build a plural and multipolar world order that guarantees dignity, equity, and fair representation for all nations.

Way Forward

• UNSC Reform: India advocates including itself, Germany, Brazil, Africa, and Latin America as permanent members of the UN Security Council.
• Investment in UN Capacity: India supports making the UN more agile and responsive by embracing digital tools and modernizing its operations.
• Moral Voice: The UN Secretary-General should uphold universal values and speak truth to power, reinforcing the organization’s credibility.
• Member-State Commitment: Member states must provide timely and predictable funding to ensure the effective functioning of UN operations.

Conclusion

The UN, though imperfect, remains vital, evolving to address global challenges. Rejecting it means forsaking international cooperation, contrary to Dag Hammarskjöld’s vision of saving humanity “not to heaven, but from hell.

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