The UN’s structural limitations, especially the Security Council veto, left it powerless during Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea despite Ukraine’s appeals. 

• Similar failures in conflicts like Israel–Gaza and Sudan fuel criticism that the UN has fallen short of its founding purpose.

Background and Purpose

• The UN was formed after the devastation of World War II, when world leaders sought to create an international organisation to prevent a Third World War and resolve disputes peacefully. 
• Its primary goal was to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”.

Veto Power: A Double-Edged Sword

• Origin and Initial Strength: The creators of the UN gave “Veto Power” to five permanent members (P5: USA, USSR/Russia, China, UK, France) of the Security Council to establish a balance of power and prevent any single nation from becoming too dominant, which could lead to another global conflict.
• UN Security Council: The Security Council has 15 members (5 permanent, 10 non-permanent). 
  • Veto power means that if any one of the P5 members votes “no” on a resolution, that resolution cannot pass.
    • “Veto” literally means “I forbid”.
• Current Weakness (“Toothless Tiger”): The veto power, intended for balance, has become a tool for the P5 to pursue their own agendas, severely weakening the UN’s ability to act rendering the UN a “toothless tiger”. Examples include:
  • Russia: Used its veto to prevent any UN action against its annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its ongoing war in Ukraine since 2022.
  • USA: Consistently used its veto to block resolutions against Israel, despite actions like the killing of 500 people in Gaza. The US views Israel as a “big brother” and prioritises “brotherhood on top”.
    • Has intervened in numerous Latin American countries (coups, sanctions) without facing UN resolutions due to its veto.
  • China: Faced no UN action after its military intervention in Tibet due to its veto power.
  • UK: Used its veto during its dispute with Argentina over the Falklands Islands.
  • France: Intervened in African countries like Ivory Coast and the Central African Republic, using its veto to avoid UN action. 

Financial Issues of UN

• Dependence on Member Contributions: The UN lacks its own independent funds and relies on voluntary contributions from member countries.
• US Dominance: The US is the largest donor, contributing 22% of the UN’s budget, giving it significant influence.
  • Trump Administration’s Cuts: Trump Administration drastically cut funding, dismantling the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) which supported development projects globally. 
    • Trump announced an 87% reduction in US contributions to the UN by 2026.
• Delayed Contributions: Many smaller countries also delay their contributions.
• Influence of Donors: Large financial contributions can lead to donor countries influencing UN agencies. 
  • Example: China’s significant funding to WHO allegedly influenced WHO’s stance during the COVID-19 pandemic, where it seemed to favour China and took no strong action against it.

UN’s Relevance In Present Times

• “Debating Club” vs. “Preventing Hell”: Some experts believe the UN has become a mere “debating club,” where much talk happens but little action is taken.
  • However, Former UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld stated that the UN was not created to lead humanity to heaven, but to prevent it from falling into hell, a task it has arguably achieved by preventing World War III. 
  • UN agencies like WHO, UNICEF, and the World Food Programme have done commendable work on the ground, saving lives, eradicating diseases (like polio), and providing aid to refugees.
• New World War: Some experts argue that World War III has already begun, manifesting as proxy wars, trade wars, cyber wars, and regional conflicts, and the UN is failing to recognise or address this new form of warfare.
• Lack of Courage: Martin Griffiths, former UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, believes the UN has lost its “courage”—the will to lead, try, and if necessary, fail and try again to resolve conflicts. 
  • UN leadership often avoids taking tough stances or bringing world leaders together to address conflicts.

Way Forward

• Abolish Veto Power: This is seen as the root cause of the UN’s irrelevance.
  • Eliminating it would make the UN more democratic and capable of real action, though there’s a risk that P5 countries might leave the organisation.
• Financial Independence: The UN needs to reduce its dependence on major donors like the US and China. 
  • A new financial model, possibly involving a “global tax” could provide independent funding.
• Cyclic Headquarters: Instead of a permanent headquarters in New York, the UN’s headquarters could rotate every few months to conflict zones (e.g., Kigali, Sanaa, Kyiv). 
  • This would ensure that participants are closer to the ground realities of conflict, rather than making decisions from “AC rooms”.
• Deeper Reforms: Current reforms by Secretary-General Guterres (e.g., 20% budget cuts, job reductions) are seen as mere “painkillers,” not the “surgery” needed to make the UN truly relevant.
  • The UN’s design, based on 1945 conditions, is outdated and lacks the tools to tackle 21st-century problems like terrorism, climate change, and cyber warfare.

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