The Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025, was introduced in Parliament’s winter session.

The Problem of Burnout and Modern Work Culture

• Burnout: The World Health Organisation defines burnout as an occupational phenomenon involving intense mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion.
  • It causes physical impacts such as fatigue, headaches, and insomnia, and mental impacts, including detachment and even suicidal ideation.
  • Socially, burnout damages family life, leading to frequent complaints that employees have no time for their families.
• Reasons for Burnout:  The widespread use of smartphones and hybrid digital work has blurred the boundaries between home and office, contributing to what is increasingly described as “Modern Slavery” and the “Erosion of Me Time.”
• • This has created an “Always On Culture,” where employees feel pressured to remain available 24/7.

The Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025

• The Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025, is built on the core principle of the “Right to Switch Off,” and on the premise that “Mental Health is the Foundation of Productivity.”
• Key Provisions:
  • No Penalty Clause: Employees cannot be penalised—such as with salary cuts or withheld promotions—for ignoring work-related calls or emails after office hours.
  • Employee Welfare Committees: Companies must set up committees to define after-hours norms, acknowledging that different sectors and organisations have different needs.
  • Mandatory Compliance: Non-compliance with these norms would attract a mandatory fine equal to 1% of the company’s total wage bill.

Challenges to Implementation

• Cultural Mindset: In India, overwork is often mistaken for dedication, and leaving on time is sometimes perceived as laziness.
• Economic Realities: Companies serving clients in the US or UK must adjust to time zone differences, which often require employees to take late-night calls.
• Compliance Burden: While large multinational corporations can afford shifts and layered staffing, small firms, startups, and MSMEs may struggle with the compliance requirements.
• Enforcement: Implementation remains a challenge, especially when many existing labour laws (such as the Minimum Wages Act) suffer from weak enforcement.

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Conclusion

Despite these challenges, several countries, including Australia (2024) and Portugal, have implemented versions of the Right to Disconnect. 

• The bill is an essential step for India to cultivate a healthy workforce capable of contributing to its aspirations of becoming a global superpower.

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