Answer: 

Introduction:

The statement that “Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition” refers to the process of colonization and the subsequent division of the African continent by European powers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This process, often referred to as the “Scramble for Africa,” saw the rapid division of the continent’s territory among European nations.

Body:

• Historical context:
  • The Scramble for Africa occurred between 1884 and 1914 due to intense competition among European powers seeking territory and resources.
  • Driven by the Industrial Revolution’s increased demand for raw materials and new markets, these powers aimed to expand their influence and territories in Africa.
• The Berlin Conference (1884-1885):
  • The Berlin Conference formalized the division of Africa among European powers to prevent conflicts over colonization.
  • However, the boundaries drawn showed little regard for existing ethnic, cultural, and political divisions among African people, often due to limited knowledge and inaccurate maps.
• Motives behind colonization:
  • European powers colonized Africa due to economic interests, political competition, and the spread of cultural and religious beliefs.
  • This allowed them to exploit Africa’s resources and strengthen their global influence by competing with rivals.
• Artificial borders and lasting impacts:
  • Dividing Africa into artificial states had lasting consequences, as European-drawn borders often ignored existing ethnic, cultural, and political divisions.
  • This led to tensions and conflicts among diverse groups, and hindered the development of cohesive national identities, fostering political instability.

Conclusion:

The Scramble for Africa resulted in the creation of artificial borders that disregarded existing ethnic, cultural, and political divisions, leading to ongoing challenges related to nation-building, political stability, and development in Africa.

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