Answer:
| Approach:
Introduction
- Introduce by highlighting the complexity of left-wing extremism in Eastern India, emphasizing its roots in socio-economic issues, political realities, and systemic inequalities.
Body
- Identify and explain the determinants of left-wing extremism.
- Mention strategic solutions to counter the threat.
Conclusion
- Conclude, reiterating the need for a comprehensive, balanced approach to address left-wing extremism.
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Introduction:
The rise of left-wing extremism, particularly in the Eastern parts of India, is a manifestation of complex socio-economic issues and political realities. This extremist insurgency, often termed as India’s “greatest internal security challenge,” is deeply embedded in systemic inequalities, governance deficits, and ideological factors.
Body:
Determinants of left-wing extremism:
- Socio-economic Deprivation: Poverty and underdevelopment have been significant drivers of extremism. As per the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, regions affected by left-wing extremism, like Jharkhand, exhibit high levels of deprivation, contributing to discontent.
- Land Rights and Forest Issues: Conflicts over land and forest rights, as seen in Chhattisgarh, have been a significant catalyst for left-wing extremism.
- Poor Governance: Lack of effective governance and corruption often exacerbate feelings of alienation and injustice, driving people towards extremism.
- Illiteracy and Unemployment: These factors, evident in Odisha, contribute to the vulnerability of individuals to extremist ideologies.
Strategies to counter the threat:
- Inclusive Development: Initiatives like ‘Aspirational Districts Programme’ aim to address socio-economic disparities and curb extremism.
- Enhanced Security Operations: Operations like ‘Operation Green Hunt’ focus on neutralizing extremists and reclaiming areas under their control.
- Negotiations and Surrender Policies: The Government has initiated peace talks and surrender policies, like in West Bengal, to encourage extremists to return to the mainstream.
- Improved Governance: Efforts to tackle corruption and enhance public service delivery can help in reducing local support for extremism.
| SAMADHAN Strategy:
The Ministry of Home Affairs developed the comprehensive SAMADHAN strategy to counter left-wing extremism. This strategy covers multiple aspects:
- Smart Leadership: Encourages the development of astute leaders capable of making informed decisions to address the issue strategically.
- Aggressive Strategy: Involves adopting an assertive approach to tackle extremism, including proactive security operations and robust policy measures.
- Motivation and Training: Aims to boost the morale and skills of security forces and other stakeholders to effectively deal with extremism.
- Actionable Intelligence: Enhances intelligence capabilities to preemptively detect and neutralize threats.
- Dashboard-Based KPIs and KRAs: Incorporates performance metrics to monitor progress and improve accountability.
- Harnessing Technology: Utilizes modern technology for intelligence, surveillance, and operational efficiency.
- Action Plan for Each Theatre: Recognizes the unique challenges of different regions and devises customized action plans.
- No Access to Financing: Seeks to disrupt financial networks supporting extremist activities, thereby weakening their operational capacity.
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Conclusion:
Addressing left-wing extremism in Eastern India necessitates a comprehensive and balanced approach. Inclusive development, effective security operations, improved governance, and strategic negotiations can significantly mitigate this challenge, creating a more peaceful and progressive Eastern India.
2020
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