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SCO Summit 2025 in Tianjin brought together India, China, Russia, Pakistan, and Central Asian nations to discuss security, trade, climate, and technology. PM Modi’s meetings with Xi Jinping and Putin highlighted India’s vital role in shaping regional stability and a multipolar world order.
SCO Summit 2025 took place in Tianjin, China, bringing together leaders from across Eurasia to discuss regional security, economic cooperation, and global challenges. The summit gained special attention as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping held an important bilateral meeting on the sidelines.
The SCO Summit 2025 witnessed participation from member states including India, China, Russia, Pakistan, and Central Asian countries. Discussions focused on counter-terrorism, trade, climate change, energy security, and the role of technology in shaping the global economy.
A major highlight of the SCO Summit 2025 was the meeting between PM Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping. According to the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), both leaders agreed that stable and cooperative India-China relations are key to realizing the Asian century and ensuring a multipolar world order.
The talks emphasized:
Russian President Vladimir Putin reaffirmed his country’s strong ties with China ahead of the SCO Summit 2025, emphasizing trade, energy, and security cooperation. He noted unprecedented growth in bilateral trade, with rubles and yuan replacing dollar transactions. Putin called the SCO Summit 2025 a force for multipolarity, reflecting the organization’s growing ability to provide alternatives to Western-led forums.
On the sidelines of the SCO Summit 2025, Prime Minister Modi also met Russian President Vladimir Putin. The two leaders discussed regional security, economic cooperation, and India’s balancing role between global powers. India reaffirmed its commitment to energy security, connectivity, and regional stability. This meeting, following Modi’s talks with Xi, highlighted India’s careful diplomacy at the SCO Summit 2025.
One of the key themes of the SCO Summit 2025 was regional security. Prime Minister Modi raised the issue of cross-border terrorism during his talks with Xi Jinping. According to the MEA, China expressed cooperation on combating terrorism, marking an important development in counter-terror diplomacy. The SCO Summit 2025 also saw renewed emphasis on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), which plays a central role in intelligence sharing and counterterrorism strategies among member states.
India’s participation in the SCO Summit 2025 reflected its growing influence in regional and global affairs. PM Modi highlighted the importance of connectivity without coercion, transparent trade practices, and respect for sovereignty. India also underlined its commitment to fighting terrorism and supporting sustainable growth in Eurasia.
The SCO Summit 2025 comes at a time when the world is facing geopolitical shifts and economic uncertainties. The consensus among member nations to strengthen cooperation is seen as a move towards a multipolar world, reducing over-dependence on any single power bloc.
Key takeaways:
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) |
| Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is one of the most influential regional bodies in the world today. It is a Eurasian political, economic, and security organization with ten full member states.
The SCO was formally established in 2001 by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Later, in 2017, both India and Pakistan joined the grouping, making it stronger and more diverse. Iran became a full member in July 2023, followed by Belarus in July 2024. Along with these members, several other countries participate as observers or dialogue partners. Today, the SCO is considered the largest regional organization in terms of area and population. It covers about 24% of the world’s landmass (65% of Eurasia) and represents nearly 42% of the global population. Economically, the grouping is also very significant—by 2024, its members together accounted for around 23% of the world’s nominal GDP and about 36% of global GDP in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The roots of the SCO go back to 1996, when China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan formed the Shanghai Five. With Uzbekistan’s entry in 2001, the organization was renamed and expanded into the SCO, marking the beginning of deeper cooperation in security, trade, and regional stability. The SCO is led by the Heads of State Council (HSC), which is its top decision-making body and meets once a year. It also runs the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), which coordinates efforts against terrorism, separatism, and extremism. Today, the SCO includes China, India, Russia, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus as full members, with 16 other countries linked as observers or dialogue partners. Over the years, it has become a major platform for economic growth, regional security, and strategic cooperation, with Beijing and Moscow playing key roles in shaping its direction. |
SCO Summit 2025 has set the stage for deeper regional integration and stronger multilateralism. The Modi–Xi meeting highlighted that cooperation between India and China is not only vital for Asia but also for shaping a stable and multipolar world order.
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SCO Summit 2025 focused on regional security, trade and connectivity, counter-terrorism, climate change, energy security, and the role of digital technology in the global economy.
PM Modi–Xi meeting was a major highlight as both leaders agreed that stable India–China relations are crucial for the Asian century and a multipolar world. They also discussed reducing border tensions and expanding trade opportunities.
Russian President Vladimir Putin emphasized deepening ties with China, especially in trade and energy, while supporting SCO’s role in building a multipolar world order. He also met PM Modi to strengthen India–Russia strategic cooperation.
India highlighted transparent trade practices, respect for sovereignty, and connectivity without coercion. PM Modi raised the issue of cross-border terrorism and underlined India’s commitment to sustainable development and regional stability.
SEO summit 2025 comes at a time of major geopolitical changes. By pushing for balanced cooperation, reducing dependence on single power blocs, and emphasizing climate action and digital economy, the SCO is seen as a key force shaping a multipolar world.
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